View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/Low attack complexity
• Vendor: Burk Technology
• Equipment: ARC Solo
• Vulnerability: Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in an attacker gaining access to the device, locking out authorized users, or disrupting operations.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following version of ARC Solo, a monitoring and control device primariliy used in broadcasting, is affected:

• ARC Solo: Versions prior to v1.0.62

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

The device’s password change mechanism can be utilized without proper authentication procedures, allowing an attacker to take over the device. A password change request can be sent directly to the device’s HTTP endpoint without providing valid credentials. The system does not enforce proper authentication or session validation, allowing the password change to proceed without verifying the request’s legitimacy.

CVE-2025-5095 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-5095. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Communications
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Souvik Kandar of MicroSec (microsec.io) reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Burk Technology recommends users update their ARC Solo devices to Version v1.0.62 or later. The upgrade can be downloaded from the Burk Technology website.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• August 7, 2025: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.2
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: EG4 Electronics
• Equipment: EG4 Inverters
• Vulnerabilities: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Download of Code Without Integrity Check, Observable Discrepancy, Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to intercept and manipulate critical data, install malicious firmware, hijack device access, and gain unauthorized control over the system.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following EG4 Electronics inverters are affected:

• EG4 12kPV: All versions
• EG4 18kPV: All versions
• EG4 Flex 21: All versions
• EG4 Flex 18: All versions
• EG4 6000XP: All versions
• EG4 12000XP: All versions
• EG4 GridBoss: All versions

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

The MOD3 command traffic between the monitoring application and the inverter is transmitted in plaintext without encryption or obfuscation. This vulnerability may allow an attacker with access to a local network to intercept, manipulate, replay, or forge critical data, including read/write operations for voltage, current, and power configuration, operational status, alarms, telemetry, system reset, or inverter control commands, potentially disrupting power generation or reconfiguring inverter settings.

CVE-2025-52586 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-52586. A base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 DOWNLOAD OF CODE WITHOUT INTEGRITY CHECK CWE-494

The affected product allows firmware updates to be downloaded from EG4’s website, transferred via USB dongles, or installed through EG4’s Monitoring Center (remote, cloud-connected interface) or via a serial connection, and can install these files without integrity checks. The TTComp archive format used for the firmware is unencrypted and can be unpacked and altered without detection.

CVE-2025-53520 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-53520. A base score of 8.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.3 OBSERVABLE DISCREPANCY CWE-203

The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds differently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered, valid but already registered, or does not exist in the database. Combined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially assigned, this allows an attacker to gain information on the product registration status of different S/Ns.

CVE-2025-47872 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-47872. A base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.4 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF EXCESSIVE AUTHENTICATION ATTEMPTS CWE-307

The affected product does not limit the number of attempts for inputting the correct PIN for a registered product, which may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access using brute-force methods if they possess a valid device serial number. The API provides clear feedback when the correct PIN is entered. This vulnerability was patched in a server-side update on April 6, 2025.

CVE-2025-46414 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-46414. A base score of 9.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Anthony Rose of BC Security reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

EG4 has acknowledged the vulnerabilities and is actively working on a fix, including new hardware expected to release by October 15, 2025. Until then, EG4 will actively monitor all installed systems and work with affected users on a case-by-case basis if anomalies are observed.

Note that CVE-2025-46414 was fixed on April 6, 2025. No user action was or is necessary.

For more information, contact EG4.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• August 7, 2025: Initial Publication

Today, CISA issued Emergency Directive (ED) 25-02: Mitigate Microsoft Exchange Vulnerability in response to CVE-2025-53786, a vulnerability in Microsoft Exchange server hybrid deployments.  

ED 25-02 directs all Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies with Microsoft Exchange hybrid environments to implement required mitigations by 9:00 AM EDT on Monday, August 11, 2025. 

This vulnerability presents significant risk to all organizations operating Microsoft Exchange hybrid-joined configurations that have not yet implemented the April 2025 patch guidance.

Although this directive is only for FCEB agencies, CISA strongly encourages all organizations to address this vulnerability. For additional details, see CISA’s Alert: Microsoft Releases Guidance on Vulnerability (CVE-2025-53786) in Hybrid Exchange Deployments.

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Tigo Energy
• Equipment: Cloud Connect Advanced
• Vulnerabilities: Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Command Injection, Predictable Seed in Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG).

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow attackers to gain unauthorized administrative access using hard-coded credentials, escalate privileges to take full control of the device, modify system settings, disrupt solar energy production, interfere with safety mechanisms, execute arbitrary commands via command injection, cause service disruptions, expose sensitive data, and recreate valid session IDs to access sensitive device functions on connected solar inverter systems due to insecure session ID generation.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Cloud Connect Advanced are affected:

• Cloud Connect Advanced: Versions 4.0.1 and prior

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 Use of Hard-coded Credentials CWE-798

Tigo Energy’s Cloud Connect Advanced (CCA) device contains hard-coded credentials that allow unauthorized users to gain administrative access. This vulnerability enables attackers to escalate privileges and take full control of the device, potentially modifying system settings, disrupting solar energy production, and interfering with safety mechanisms.

CVE-2025-7768 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-7768. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (‘Command Injection’) CWE-77

Tigo Energy’s CCA is vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability in the /cgi-bin/mobile_api endpoint when the DEVICE_PING command is called, allowing remote code execution due to improper handling of user input. When used with default credentials, this enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device that could cause potential unauthorized access, service disruption, and data exposure.

CVE-2025-7769 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-7769. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.3 Predictable Seed in Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) CWE-337

Tigo Energy’s CCA device is vulnerable to insecure session ID generation in their remote API. The session IDs are generated using a predictable method based on the current timestamp, allowing attackers to recreate valid session IDs. When combined with the ability to circumvent session ID requirements for certain commands, this enables unauthorized access to sensitive device functions on connected solar optimization systems.

CVE-2025-7770 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-7770. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Anthony Rose and Jacob Krasnov of BC Security and Peter Kariuki of Ovanova reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Tigo Energy is aware of these vulnerabilities and is actively working on a fix to address them.

Visit Tigo Energy’s Help Center for more specific security recommendations.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
• CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• August 5, 2025: Initial Publication