If you’ve ever joined me in the misfortune of downloading TikTok, you’ve probably spent at least one evening mindlessly scrolling until two or three in the morning, not even looking for anything in particular to watch. According to the EU, that needs to change, as the region has preliminarily determined that the “addictive” app is in violation of its Digital Services Act.
The decision came on Feb. 5 and followed an investigation from the European Commission into the effects that features including infinite scrolling, autoplay, push notifications, and the fabled TikTok algorithm have on the minds of users. According to the commission’s findings, “TikTok did not adequately assess how these addictive features could harm the physical and mental wellbeing of its users, including minors and vulnerable adults.” What will follow is likely a lengthy legal battle that could end up with the app having to either change how it operates and/or pay a hefty fine. And while it sounds like the effects would be limited to Europe, they could have global ramifications. Here’s what’s going on with the state of TikTok in Europe, and what you need to know about what comes next.
What is the Digital Services Act, and how did TikTok break it?
The EU’s Digital Services Act started being enforced in 2022, and generally focuses on regulating everyday online platforms, including marketplaces and social media apps. As TikTok is both of these in one, it falls under the act’s scrutiny, although it might not be the TikTok you’re thinking of. Specifically, the target here would be original TikTok owners ByteDance, rather than the new ownership for the American version of the app. That’s because ByteDance continues to operate TikTok outside of the United States, although Americans might still see some fallout from the EU’s regulation.
The Digital Services Act’s main focuses are on increased transparency, the ability to fight content moderation decisions, protections for minors, and most relevant in this case, non-algorithmic feeds and dark patterns. The EU’s investigation into the app began in 2024, with regulators being concerned about the app encouraging a “rabbit hole effect” among viewers, as well as how secure the app might be for minors. According to the investigation’s preliminary findings, the app is “constantly ‘rewarding’ users with new content,” sourcing videos that “fuel the urge to keep scrolling and shift the brain of users into ‘autopilot mode.'”
The regulators bring up scientific research to back up their claims, although specific papers are not linked. I’ve reached out to the European Commission for comment and will update this post when I hear back. Whatever the EU’s sources, however, there is no shortage of research supporting this claim. The NIH has previously “identified key addiction-related factors” in the app, and a number of universities have found that TikTok’s “seamless experience” and “reward pattern” can encourage reckless engagement. Scientists have compared the thrill of pulling up a new video to gambling, as the variable quality of the surfaced content leaves viewers seeking the next big hit, similar to a slot machine.
According to the EU, “TikTok disregarded important indicators of compulsive use of the app,” specifically regarding nighttime use from minors, as well as users frequently coming back to the app after closing it. While the Commission does acknowledge the app’s existing screen time management and parental control features, the organization also argues that these aren’t enough.
According to the European Commission’s investigation, TikTok’s current tools for combatting the “rabbit hole effect” need to be changed. The regulators say that the app’s current time management tools “are easy to dismiss and introduce limited friction,” which reduces their effectiveness, while “parental controls may not be effective because they require additional time and skills from parents to introduce the controls.”
Regulators say that, if their findings are confirmed, the app must take more direct measures by changing how it operates. Examples for how to achieve this include “disabling features such as ‘infinite scroll’ over time” and “adapting its recommender system,” aka algorithm. In other words, regulators are suggesting that TikTok get rid of its bread and butter. In addition, the Commission also brings up the possibility of implementing “screen time breaks,” especially “during the night.”
Those would be some pretty major changes, but it’s worth noting that all of this is still preliminary, which means it will be a while before users see any changes stemming from this regulation. As part of the process, TikTok may now defend itself, examining the Commission’s investigation files and replying to its findings. No timeline is given here, meaning this could drag out for a good while. For instance, Apple is still fighting with the EU over supposed Digital Markets Act violations, while Meta only recently resolved a similar action from 2024.
That means any TikTok users in the EU who are worried about losing access to key features needn’t worry quite yet. However, if TikTok is found guilty of violating the Digital Services Act, it could face a fine of up to 6% of its “worldwide annual turnover,” although this is up to the discretion of regulators. That would, however, add up to billions of dollars, and continuing to act in violation of the act rather than making changes could result in further fines.
On TikTok’s end, the app told The Financial Times that “The Commission’s preliminary findings present a categorically false and entirely meritless depiction of our platform,” and that ByteDance will “take whatever steps are necessary” to fight the decision. I’ve reached out to TikTok’s European ownership, and will update this post when I hear back.
How will this affect the U.S.?
While U.S.-based readers might think that their apps will remain clear from any EU regulatory changes, that may not be the case. Designing different products for different sections of the market takes time and money, and that’s time TikTok might not be willing to spend. For instance, Apple’s global move to USB-C in its products stemmed from European regulation as well.
Granted, Apple is owned by the same parent companies worldwide, so it is possible TikTok’s new U.S. ownership might not be affected from changes elsewhere. However, it’s worth noting that one of the EU’s bigger issues is with TikTok’s algorithm, or “recommender system,” which the U.S. ownership currently licenses from Bytedance rather than owning outright. Any changes made overseas could bleed their way into our app on this side of the pond as well, especially as U.S. TikTok does maintain some parity with global TikTok, allowing American viewers to watch videos from the more than 200 million users in Europe, in addition to other areas around the world.
That said, the European Commission’s early calls for TikTok to change its operations are far from finalized. Even if TikTok is found guilty, it will likely enter a long back-and-forth while attempting to meet the Digital Services Act’s requirements, and the solution the company and regulators land on could end up looking less severe than what the Commission suggested in yesterday’s press release (I imagine TikTok will fight hard for infinite scroll). For instance, Google is still working with the EU on the specifics of ensuring its services comply with the DMA, a process that began in 2023 and is still being fine-tuned.
How to turn on TikTok’s screen time management and parental controls
From a personal perspective, I do think the EU is onto something here. I could certainly use some reminders to avoid getting sucked into a TikTok rabbit hole, especially late at night. While it might be some time until any regulation affects the TikTok app, and we don’t yet know if features like infinite scroll will still be in place (although it’s worth noting that Instagram Reels has not been targeted on this front) once the dust settles, here’s how to take advantage of TikTok’s current screen time and algorithm management features.
First, algorithmic control. This is a big part of the EU’s case against TikTok, but there do currently exist a few ways to control what pops up on your feed. While the default For You page leaves you at the app’s whims, there are three other feeds you can access by swiping right after opening the app. The first, Friends, shows you videos from your friends or from suggested accounts. The second, Following, shows you videos from accounts you follow. Pretty self-explanatory. The third one, though, needs to be turned on.
Called STEM, this feed only shows you educational videos about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. To turn on the STEM feed, tap your profile icon at the bottom right of the app, then hit the three-lined menu icon in the top right corner. Navigate to Settings and privacy > Content preferences and toggle on STEM feed. This won’t get rid of any of your other feeds, but it’ll now be an option you can swipe to on the main menu.
Next, screen time management and parental controls. There are a number of options for each of these, with screen time management living under Settings and privacy > Time and well-being and parental controls under Settings and privacy > Family Pairing.
The Time and well-being section will show you show you your daily average screen time over the last week alongside some meditation-related activities, but the real crux of the controls are in the Screen time button, which sits right above your average screen time graph. Here, you can set daily limits, sleep hours, and reminders to take breaks, although like the European Commissions says, there are easily dismissed.
Family Pairing is a bit more powerful, although not being a parent, it’s something I haven’t toyed around with. It lets you see your child’s screen time and set limits they can’t dismiss, as well as restrict who they can message and what their privacy and safety settings are. For a more detailed guide, click here.
Finally, even if you don’t set any screen time limits and stick purely to your For You feed, there is some fine tuning you can do. Under Settings and privacy, tap Content preferences. From here, you can set the app to filer out videos or posts that contain that word in any text-based fields, tell the algorithm how interested you are in certain topics, mute specific accounts, or even refresh your For You feed to have the algorithm start over fresh. You can also turn on Restricted mode, which will hide content that TikTok deems as not “comfortable for all audiences.”
What are the best TikTok alternatives, and how do I move?
If those controls still aren’t enough for you, or the idea of regulators changing how TikTok works isn’t what you’re looking for, there are now a sizable number of TikTok alternatives you can try instead. Instagram Reels is the obvious one, although a popular recent choice is Upscrolled, which promises “every post has a fair chance to be seen,” something that’s been encouraging to users put off by the TikTok algorithm. An older alternative is RedNote, which is run by Chinese developer Xingyin Information Technology. It gained some popularity during early TikTok ban scares, although I’ll admit I haven’t heard of it as much recently.
