This Ring Spotlight Camera Is $50 Off Right Now

Amazon owns both Ring and Blink security cameras, but out of the two, Ring cameras are more premium and don’t go on sale as often. Ring also has a Pro series, which are their higher tier cameras. One of those cameras, the Ring Spotlight Cam Pro, is currently $179.99 (originally $229.99), sitting at its lowest price according to price-checking tools. It comes with great audio quality, quick notifications, and a spotlight, among other features.

The Ring Spotlight Cam Pro came out in 2022. Two years later, it’s still a premium security camera, but the resolution does show its age a bit, tapping at 1080p resolution. The field of view is 140 degrees, and you can choose between a cloud subscription or free local storage. It’s compatible with Amazon Alexa and IFTTT (no Google Assistant or HomeKit). It has color night vision and an intruder alarm (you can change the settings on the app).

Where this camera shines is on its audio quality, but ironically not on its light. It’s not a floodlight camera, so it can be forgiven. The spotlight only reaches 375 lumens in brightness, which covers around 30 feet of area according to ZDNet’s review. But the two-way audio is clear enough to have a casual conversation with a person from 40 feet from the camera without hiccups.

The camera is wireless, with an easily accessible battery, but they also sell a wired and solar version. The battery version will give you about six to 12 months of juice depending on how often it’s triggered and your light settings. You can read more about its features in PCMag’s review.

Keep in mind that if you want to record your videos, review footage for up to 180 days, and share videos and photos, you’ll need a Ring Protect Plan subscription in addition to the purchase of the equipment. Those plans start at $3.99 per month.

How to Use the New iPhone Control Center in iOS 18

The iPhone Control Center has been totally revamped in iOS 18. You can now move pretty much every control around, add more controls than ever before, and even access multiple pages of controls. My only complaint is that it’s still a bit too hard to launch Control Center from the top-right corner of the iPhone’s display, but there’s a way around that, too. That gripe aside, it’s a great time to start customizing your Control Center, and here’s how to do it.

How to add controls to the Control Center in iOS 18


Credit: Pranay Parab

Up through iOS 17, you had to go through the Control Center page in your iPhone’s Settings app to add or remove controls. Things have changed in a big way in iOS 18, and you can now make a lot of tweaks directly in the Control Center. To get started, open the Control Center by swiping downwards from the top-right corner of the screen and hit the + button in the top-left corner. Alternatively, long press on any empty space in the Control Center, then tap the Add a Control button near the base of your iPhone. You’ll now see plenty of options and a search bar up top. Go through these shortcuts and add whatever appeals to you.

Removing controls from the Control Center

To clean up the Control Center in iOS 18, open it (again, by swiping downwards from the top-right corner of the screen) and hold down any empty space until borders appear around the controls that are already in your Center. Now, hit the button next to any control and it’ll be gone. It’s as simple as that.

Move controls around to make them easier to access

iOS 18 lets you swap the positions of all the controls in your Control Center. This means that previously immovable controls such as connectivity options, media playback, and rotation lock can now be moved. The best thing is that you don’t have to place all controls next to each other. I like to leave large gaps in between controls to make them easier to differentiate. 

To do this, open the Control Center in iOS 18 and hold any empty space on the screen. When borders appear on your controls, start dragging any button or widget to any place you like. I’ve moved connectivity and media options to the bottom of the screen, where they’re far easier for me to access. 

Reset the Control Center to its default state

With the release of iOS 18.1, Apple is introducing a one-tap method to reset the Control Center to its default state. This is useful in case you’ve made any tweaks you don’t like and wish to return the Control Center to how it used to be. To quickly reset the Control Center, go to Settings > Control Center > Reset Control Center.

Use new controls in iOS 18.1


Credit: Pranay Parab

iOS 18.1 has also introduced some new controls to the Control Center. You now have the ability to separate almost all connectivity controls from the default widget, which shows you all connectivity options grouped together. For instance, you can have separate controls for wifi, VPN, and AirDrop. This makes it easier to get rid of the big connectivity widget and replace it with individual controls for the features you toggle more often. Separately, Apple’s Measure app is also available as a control, so if you use it regularly, you can add it to your Control Center. The Vehicle Motion Cues feature also has a control toggle in iOS 18.1, and it’s one of my favorites.

Add shortcuts to the Control Center

When you add a new control to the Control Center, you can scroll down to see which apps support additional controls. Apple’s Shortcuts app can add pretty much any of your shortcuts to the Control Center, for instance. This makes it easier to use automation routines on my iPhone. To use this feature, add the Shortcut control, tap Choose, and select any of the shortcuts you regularly use.

Use the Control Center as an app launcher

The ability to launch apps is one of my favorite features in the iOS 18 Control Center. Since third-party apps can now add actions to the Control Center as controls, you can use them to directly launch specific features within those apps. For example, you can ask Bear to open a camera note directly—an action that otherwise takes a few taps. As long as an app developer has added support for this feature, you should be able to launch their apps (or certain features of those apps) straight from the Control Center. This is also useful for those who prefer a minimal home screen layout, as you can move those apps to the Control Center instead.

Explore other pages in the Control Center


Credit: Pranay Parab

There are now three full pages in iOS 18’s Control Center, but don’t worry, all of the most useful controls are on the first page. Explore these pages by swiping upwards with the Control Center open.

The second page shows you music playback controls. Instead of swiping vertically, you can also open it by holding the media controls widget in the first Control Center page. You’ll need this page to control speakers connected to your iPhone, such as your HomePod.

Swipe upwards once more with Control Center open to see connectivity options. Alternatively, you can see the same options from the first page of the Control Center by holding down the connectivity widget (in the top-left corner by default). These controls let you quickly toggle airplane mode, AirDrop, wifi, cellular data, Bluetooth, hotspot settings, and VPNs.

Your iPhone has a new shut down button


Credit: Pranay Parab

The days of a complicated shut down ritual are over. iOS 18’s Control Center has a power button in the top-right corner. Just tap this button and slide the power off switch on the screen to turn off your iPhone.

Access the Control Center easily

Most of my Control Center changes involve making it more ergonomic. There’s no reason to keep reaching for the top-right of the screen to launch the Control Center when a better option is available. Back Tap is that option. It’s not new, but it’s worth sharing, since it allows me to tap the back of my iPhone to fire up the Control Center. You can set this up by going to Settings > Accessibility > Touch > Back Tap. I’ve mapped Triple Tap to launch Control Center, so I can avoid accidental activations, but you can use the Double Tap option, too.

13 Things You Didn’t Know About Halloween

I am a Halloween scholar with a PhD. in witchology, and I want to share my knowledge with you. These 12 Halloween facts and “didya knows?” cover everything you ever wanted to know about the holiday: pumpkins, black cats, and novelty music. Isn’t that what Halloween is all about?

We’re not entirely sure where Halloween traditions came from

It’s fitting that the origin of Halloween is somewhat mysterious. Many sources confidently state that the holiday originated with the Samhain celebrations of the Celts and Druids in Ireland, England, and Northern France around 2,000 years ago. Later, the Church christianized the feasts under the name “All Hallow’s Day” and “All Hallow’s Eve.” A nice story, but is it true?

Some modern historians maintain that ties between Celtic celebrations and early Christian practices are tenuous, and medieval Christian festivals provide the real blueprint for the holiday. It’s a mess. You can read more about it in my Real History of Halloween if you’d like.

Trick-or-treating was born in Canada

Canada, America’s hat, is the birthplace of trick-or-treating. Calling on your neighbors on holidays and demanding something has earlier roots in the European tradition of “wassailing,” but that was a Christmas thing. The first appearance of trick-or-treating in connection with Halloween in print comes from a newspaper in Kingston, Ontario in 1911. From there, it spread over the continent—slowly. The first mention of it in a national publication in the United States doesn’t happen until the late 1930s, and trick-or-treating didn’t really take off until the early ’50s, when it appeared in a Peanuts comic strip and a Disney cartoon.

Failed early attempts at Halloween greetings

Knocking on a door on Halloween and saying “trick or treat” is ubiquitous, but it wasn’t always so. In the early days of candy-begging in Canada, kids tried a variety of phrases to get candy. Here are some of the also-rans, ordered from worst to best:

  • Halloween apples!” Terrible. who wants an apple on Halloween?

  • Charity, please!” Better. I like the appeal to pathos.

  • Shell out!” Fantastic. Right to the point. Some kids added “Shell out, shell out, or we’ll break your windows out,” which is even better.

Elizabeth Krebs: The cranky grandmother of Halloween

Elizabeth Krebs, of Hiawatha, Kansas, is an unsung hero of Halloween, but she wasn’t fond of children. The founder of the Hiawatha Garden Club, Krebs loved her flowers most of all, but in Kansas in the early 1900s, the local youths celebrated “mischief night,” the night before Halloween, by running rampant through town, inevitably destroying Krebs’ carefully planted flower beds.

Embodying the can-do spirit of the American midwest, Krebs fought the vandals with love by organizing the first Halloween parade in U.S. history. The Hiawatha Halloween Frolic of 1914 featured a parade, a costume contest, treats, and music, all meant to distract the youth from wrecking Ms. Krebs’ precious posies. The event caught on, and Halloween parades and parties spread across the country, so you can thank Ms. Krebs for your local parade. Or thank the rebellious kids who stomped on her flowers, I guess.

Fears over weaponized Halloween candy are way overstated

I check my child’s candy for foreign substances every Halloween, even though I know I won’t find any; the idea of him biting into an apple with a hidden razor blade inside is so horrific, it overrides logic. But it’s not actually something worth worrying about. Despite warnings delivered from the federal government and countless anecdotal reports, there has never been a case of a drug dealer putting LSD, fentanyl, or any other illegal drug in children’s Halloween candy. (There was one case that was close: back in 1959, Dr. William Shyne, a Long Island dentist, gave out candy-covered laxatives to kiddies on Halloween, for reasons he never explained.) It’s the same with needles and razor blades. There was one case, in 2000, of a man who hid needles in Halloween candy, but trick or treating has been around for over 100 years, so it’s an extremely isolated occurrence.

Halloween: The movie

Released in 1978, John Carpenter’s Halloween inspired the “slasher” genre that took over horror films in the 1980s. It was produced for only $300,000 and grossed over $47 million (around $150 million in today-money), placing it among the most profitable independent films ever made. Halloween has spawned 12 other “official” Halloween movies (although some would argue that Halloween III doesn’t count; it’s set around Halloween, but has nothing to do with the other Halloween films) and thousands of imitators.

Christmas used to be the “ghost story” holiday

Ghost stories (and their modern equivalent, horror movies) are firmly enmeshed with Halloween culture, but Christmas was actually the ghost story holiday in Victorian England.

“Whenever five or six English-speaking people meet round a fire on Christmas Eve, they start telling each other ghost stories,” Jerome K. Jerome wrote in 1891. Despite the most famous Christmas story, “A Christmas Carol,” being a straight-up ghost story, the tradition has nearly entirely died out.

Do witches/satanists sacrifice black cats on Halloween?

Until recently, humane societies and animal shelters routinely restricted cat adoptions around Halloween, especially adoptions of black cats. This was partly based on the belief that pagans, satanists, druids, witches, and/or warlocks would adopt dark kitties in order to sacrifice them in unspeakable rites on Samhain.

As awesome as it would be to live in a world where this happens, in our boring reality, it doesn’t. Satanists don’t adopt or catnap black kitties at this time of year either. Satanists like cats, generally, and they’re also super boring, as anyone who’s ever been buttonholed by a satanist at a party can tell you. The belief probably stems from reports of witches with black cat familiars that date back to medieval times.

There is a non-folkloric reason pet adoption places sometimes give for limiting adoptions of black cats around Halloween, though: It is feared that some people adopt black cats as spooky decor for Halloween, only to abandon them on Nov. 1. I haven’t been able to find a documented case of this happening, though, so it’s probably hearsay, too.

They are lying to you about pumpkins

The pumpkin is not a vegetable. It is a fruit. Technically, the pumpkin is a berry.

Pumpkins are a product of the seed-bearing structure of a flowering plant, hence a fruit. Botanically, berries are defined as “simple, fleshy fruit that usually has many seeds.” Like a pumpkin.

Illinois: America’s pumpkin state

Halloween is in the middle of decorative gourd season, motherfuckers, and the majority of Halloween’s most beloved gourd—pumpkins—come from Illinois, our gourdiest state. It’s not a close contest, either: Illinois grows twice as many pumpkins, both the ornamental and the pie-filling kinds, as second-place California.

Some pumpkins weigh as much as a Toyota Corolla

I don’t want to kink shame or anything, but there are people out there who devote their lives to growing massive pumpkins. The largest ever weighed nearly one and a half tons. Grown by Italian gourd-fetishist Stefano Cutrupi, the prize winning berry tipped the scales at 2,702 pounds at the the Big Pumpkin Festival in Peccioli, Italy in 2021. (I attend this festival yearly.)

All about “The Monster Mash,” Halloween’s unofficial anthem

Explicitly Halloween-related songs never caught on like Christmas carols, so the closest thing we have is “The Monster Mash,” Halloween’s unofficial anthem. (Okay, maybe Rockwell’s “Somebody’s Watching Me” comes close.) A product of the monster craze of the 1960s, “Monster Mash” was written and performed by Bobby “Boris” Pickett as a way to show off his monster-impersonation skills and spoof the “dance craze” songs that were popular at the time. “Monster Mash” hit number one on the billboard charts upon its release in 1962, and re-entered the charts in 1970 and 1973.

Pickett continued recording novelty records until the 2000s but never recaptured the original magic. Among Pickett’s follow-up recordings from the 1960s:

  • “Monster’s Holiday”

  • “Monster Motion”

  • “Blood Bank Blues”

  • “Me and My Mummy”

  • “Werewolf Watusi”

  • “The Monster Swim”

Later Pickett recordings include 1985’s “Monster Rap,” “It’s Alive” from 1993, and 2005’s “Monster Slash.”

Halloween’s hottest trend: Costumes for pets

I have looked toward the future of Halloween, and all I can see is a pug in a dandelion outfit. These days, everyone is putting costumes on their pets. In 2020, 18% of Americans said they planned to put an outfit on their animal, up from “only” 12% in 2012. Spending on costuming for pets is approaching a half-billion dollars per year, according to the National Retail Federation.

Dogs and cats in costumes are delightful to almost everyone, but some veterinarians warn agains the practice. A spokesperson for the British Vet Association said, “Dressing up animals or otherwise unnaturally changing their appearance is not only unnecessary and potentially harmful, but in some cases can also prevent pets from expressing their natural behaviors and from using their body language to communicate.”

On the other hand, it’s adorable and your cat loves wearing a funny hat, I promise.

USDA Invests $1.5 Billion in 92 Partnership Projects to Advance Conservation and Climate-Smart Agriculture as Part of the Biden-Harris Investing in America Agenda

WASHINGTON, October 23, 2024 – The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced a historic $1.5 billion for 92 partner-driven conservation projects through the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP), a partner-driven approach to conservation that funds solutions to natural resource challenges on agricultural land. Partners will provide $968 million in contributions to amplify the impact of the federal investment.

Why I Think the Garmin Forerunner 265 Is the Best Running Watch

If you know me, you know that I never get too attached to tech. I’ll happily run without a watch of any kind; I know my body is what really registers the miles. But I’ve been testing a Garmin Forerunner 265, and I’m not exaggerating when I say I think I’ve fallen in love.

I wore this watch for four months, during which time my opinion evolved from “nice watch, I guess” to “me and my BFF [this watch] are going to crush a race together.” I used its workout suggestions to train for a 5K race—not my first ever, but my first in a long time—and came shockingly close to setting an all-time PR. I found the metrics and the training suggestions helpful but not overbearing, and the watch itself is far more convenient to run with than your typical Apple or Pixel type of smartwatch.

The Forerunner 265, like many of its Garmin brethren, is designed for runners in a way that most smartwatches are not. It has physical buttons, so you can end your lap exactly at the right moment, without even looking at the screen. It has tools for creating detailed workouts. It automatically detects your max heart rate and your lactate threshold. It can suggest custom workouts for you, whether you’ve bothered to set up a coaching plan or not. And it’s customizable enough that all of this gets out of your way if you don’t want to use it. 

It’s rare for a gadget to walk the line of providing any data you want, without overwhelming you with all the data. Garmin is great at this, all across its ecosystem. The Forerunner 265 combines that philosophy with a feature set that will delight most runners, from casual to serious. It’s so built for runners that it has a feature—on by default—that when you’re waiting in line at the grocery store, you can flick your finger upwards on the screen and see a prediction of how fast you could run a 5K, if you were to run one right now

How does the Forerunner 265 compare to other Garmin watches? 

Garmin makes a lot of watches, including multiple tiers of Forerunner. I’ll give you the basic rundown: the Venu and Vivoactive are what you might call lifestyle smartwatches. The Lily is in the same vein, but smaller and cuter. If you want a general fitness watch, these are fine; but if you’re a runner, you probably want something sportier. 

Runners will generally enjoy the Forerunner line, but if you do a lot of hiking and outdoorsy stuff, you might prefer the rugged (and, in some models, solar-powered) Instinct line. On the other hand, if you have a healthy budget and/or expensive hobbies, you may like the premium multisport watches in the Fenix line. These include extra features for mountain climbing and scuba diving, and also come in versions with solar panels and/or sapphire screens instead of glass. 

When it comes to the Forerunner, the sweet spot for most runners is going to be the 265. On the lower end there is a Forerunner 55 that can track your runs and your sleep, but doesn’t give much in the way of fancy analytics. There’s a new Forerunner 165 that is a great running watch, but is missing the Training Readiness and Training Status features that a lot of runners enjoy (I would miss it for sure if I didn’t have it). If you’d like something fancier there is a Forerunner 965 that has extra metrics and features, and is especially popular among triathletes. 

If you’ve narrowed down your choices to the Forerunner 265, there’s one more decision to make: large or small screen? Some Garmin watches only come in one size, but the 265 has a 46-millimeter screen; its little sister the 265S (S for Small, apparently) has a 42-millimeter screen. The only difference between the two, feature-wise, is that the S has a slightly longer battery life. Both have the same size battery, but the larger screen draws a smidge more power.

What are the best features of the Forerunner 265? 

  • Physical buttons (including start/stop and lap buttons) in addition to a touchscreen

  • Excellent location tracking (GPS, etc)

  • Heart rate tracking, with or without a chest strap

  • Daily suggested workouts, based on your goals and your recent training

  • VO2max and predictions for race times

  • Customizable data screens during workouts

  • HRV and resting heart rate tracking

  • Training readiness and training status scores

  • Excellent battery life (almost two weeks on a charge)

  • Bright, sharp AMOLED screen

What are the downsides of the Forerunner 265? 

  • Chunky shape of the heart rate sensor will leave an indent on your wrist if the band is on tight

  • Case exterior is plastic and may be colored, so you can’t get a more elegant look by swapping out bands

  • Can’t control music that is playing on your phone, like you can on Apple Watch. (That said, you can store music directly on the watch and play from there.)

  • Screenshots don’t show up on your phone—you need to connect your watch to a computer to download them. (Taking a photo of your watch is an easier way to share something you see.)

  • No extensive app store—you do things Garmin’s way, or you don’t do them at all. (There is a ConnectIQ store, but it’s nothing like what Apple/Samsung/Pixel watches have, with matching name-brand apps on phone and watch.) 

Out of the box

The Forerunner 265 box comes with the watch, and a charging cable that plugs into the back (proprietary connector on that end, USB-C on the other).

back of Garmin Forerunner 265

Credit: Beth Skwarecki

It has five buttons. 

  • The right top button (START) starts or stops an activity. Press this when you’re ready to go for a run.

  • The right bottom button (BACK) is a lap button. You can also use it to exit out of any menu or screen.

  • The left top button (LIGHT) turns the screen on or off with a quick press. Long press it, and you’ll get a menu of shortcuts. The ones I use most often are the wallet for payments and the flashlight, but you can also access tools like a stopwatch or the “find my phone” feature.

  • The left middle (UP) and bottom (DOWN) buttons act as up and down arrows to scroll whatever is on the screen. Sometimes this is more convenient than using the touchscreen, and some workout modes lock the touchscreen anyway.

Long-press the left middle button, and you’ll get a menu that includes all your settings, and clock features like setting alarms or changing the watch face.

You can also set “hot key” shortcuts for other features. For example, I have it set so that long-pressing the left bottom button brings up the music controls.

Using the watch in everyday life

Watch faces

Like most smartwatches, you can choose a face with complications—little icons with data or shortcuts to tools. My favorite setup shows my weekly mileage and the time of the next sunrise or sunset, plus standard items like the date, battery level, and steps I’ve taken. This watch also predicts how many hours until I’m “recovered” from my last workout, so I have a complication for that too (even though I think it’s a slightly silly metric, I still like seeing it.) 

The watch comes with 15 built-in faces, and you can create simple faces yourself with an app. There is also a ConnectIQ store where you can download or buy faces that developers have created. All that said, the choice of watch faces is nowhere near as extensive or as fun as what you might get on, say, an Apple Watch.

watch face showing time

Credit: Beth Skwarecki

Glances

The most fun feature (in my opinion) is what you get when you scroll down from the main watch face: your “glances.” These are quick views of various stats. My VO2max and predicted 5K time are at the top of my stack of glances. Do I need to see these at any moment? Of course not. Do I think it’s fun to look at them? Absolutely. 

My other glances include the weather, upcoming events from my calendar, races I’ve scheduled for later in the year, upcoming workouts, training readiness, HRV status, and more. (You can customize this list; there are tons to choose from.) Glances are handy for things you might want to briefly check on, but that you don’t want cluttering up your watch face. For each glance, you can tap on it to see more details (for example, for each upcoming race, the detailed view will tell you the date of that race, the likely weather at the start time, and a prediction for your finish time based on how your training has been going.)

Comfort

I tested the full-size 265, and honestly the only thing I’d change about the comfort of this watch is the size. (If I were buying one for myself, I’d get the 265S). I do appreciate that it seems to get perfectly good readings without being super tight. Most of the time, I wear it pretty loose, and even then my data is consistent with what I get with a chest strap. (I do tighten it when running, though, just so that it doesn’t bounce around.)

The watch comes with a silicone strap, which isn’t as breathable as a fabric one, but I love that I can wash it with soap in the shower, leave it on the sink to dry, and by the time I’ve dried myself off, the watch is dry as well. 

Some people notice itching or irritation when wearing a watch 24/7. The watch even comes with instructions to consider switching wrists periodically. But even though I have sensitive skin, I never had an issue with this watch. I did notice some itching once, realized it had been a day or two since I’d washed it, and noticed some crud near the sensor. After a quick wash I was able to wear it again without any issues. And, like I said, I’ve worn this thing every day for four months. It gets my seal of approval.

Display

The Forerunner 265 has an AMOLED display. It’s bright, crisp, and colorful. Until recently, Garmin’s watches used MIP screens. On forums like Reddit, I keep seeing Garmin devotees say that MIP screens are great in sunlight and they never want to switch to AMOLED. 

But I don’t get it. I’ve done plenty of runs in blindingly sunny conditions, with and without sunglasses, and never once had an issue reading the screen. It was always bright and crisp, no matter what I was doing with it. One strange thing, though: I tried to take a photo of the screen one sunny day at the pool, and found that the photos came out looking dim. The screen was bright in real life, though. I wonder if the rumor of worse readability came about because of dim photos. 

Commonly used features

Besides starting workouts, or just using the watch as a timepiece, I don’t find myself using a ton of other features. I do use the alarms to wake up and for reminders (like when my kids have to get on the school bus), and I’ll change the color of the watch face from time to time, just for variety. 

The 265 can show some notifications from your phone, although you can’t reply back to texts unless you’re on Android. I don’t like to get notifications on my watch—I even have most notifications turned off on my phone—so this wasn’t an important feature for me.

To get the most out of the watch, you’ll want to install the Garmin Connect app. It gives you quick visuals and graphs of all your metrics, like your training readiness and status, how you slept last night, what workouts you have coming up, and more. This is also where you can view the results of your runs (maps, split times, etc) and where you can create workouts or sign yourself up for a training program. The analytics are good enough you may want to drop your Strava subscription—but plenty of runners use both. 

Taking it for a run

When you want to run with the Forerunner 265, you hit the START button, and select the type of workout you’d like to start. That’s usually “Run” if you’re a runner, but Track Run, Treadmill Run, and Trail Run are all available as well. The watch can also track strength workouts, cycling, and more. 

When you’re on the Run screen, the watch will often suggest a workout for you to do. You can do the workout, view future workouts and choose one of those instead, or dismiss it and do whatever you want—either a “just run” kind of workout, or a workout you have programmed yourself. For example, I have the trendy Norwegian 4×4 programmed as one of the workouts I can select.

tempo workout graph, run screen, and the watch showing the segments of an upcoming workout
A suggested workout, my favorite run screen, and a screen showing the details of an upcoming run. (These are all different runs.)
Credit: Beth Skwarecki

Data fields

There is a ton of data you can have on your wrist when you run. You’ll want to choose your favorites ahead of time and create a screen that displays them. You can get anything from your current altitude to your predicted finish time, but most of us will choose some combination of time, distance, pace, and/or heart rate. 

My favorite screen for everyday runs has the time of day (so I know if I’m running late, literally, to a deadline or a family responsibility), my total distance (because I’m usually trying to hit a target mileage for the day), my current pace (some runners prefer an average lap pace, but I like the instantaneous one), and a colored gauge at the bottom with my heart rate zones.  

If I’m doing an interval workout, I often prefer a screen with more data fields, including the time and distance of the current lap and the previous lap. When you run a race, you might like to create a PacePro plan with custom splits for every mile that it coaches you through. You can even program a specific race course, for example to give you slower paces on hills.

Creating and following workouts

I found myself doing a lot of the daily suggested workouts. The watch will suggest these for you nearly every day (some days, it suggests a rest day) whether you’ve set up a training program or not. If you put a race, like a 5K, on your calendar in the app, it will keep that in mind when suggesting workouts. I wouldn’t trust major training decisions to anything automated, but it’s great for spicing up a workout routine. My weeks typically had two “base” runs at a steady pace, one or two tempo runs or medium-intensity intervals, and maybe a day with “anaerobic” work like short sprints. There might also be a two-mile, slow-paced “recovery” run in there somewhere. 

Because daily suggested workouts (DSW, in Garmin parlance) are a feature of the watch, not the app, you used to have to push buttons on the watch to see what workouts you had coming up. But Garmin recently added a “Garmin Coach” option to the Connect app, which is basically a way to get your DSW on the app instead. If you want to set up a training plan in the app, you can either choose this automated Garmin Coach plan, or a plan for a standard race distance (like a marathon or 5K) that is designed by Coach Jeff, Coach Greg, or Coach Amy

Screens on the Garmin Connect app: glances, workout plan for the next few days, stats for a recent interval run
Some screens from the Garmin Connect app. Glances, Garmin Coach plan for this week, and pace and heart rate charts from a 4×4 run.
Credit: Beth Skwarecki

You can also create your own workouts: Go to the Garmin Connect app on your phone, and select More, then Training & Planning, and Workouts. Remember to hit the button that sends the workout to your watch; that doesn’t happen automatically, for some reason. Once I got the hang of it, it was easy to create workouts. As I mentioned, I used a custom workout, complete with heart rate targets for each section, to do the Norwegian 4×4. I also created custom workouts for weightlifting. 

When you do a workout, the watch shows you a data screen specifically for whatever target you’re supposed to pay attention to, according to the way that workout is programmed. For example, if it wants me to run at a 10:20 pace for 39 minutes, the watch will tell me how many minutes I have left, and show my pace as being in the green zone if I’m close to 10:20, or in the red if I’m going too fast or too slow. It will give me an audio alert (via my headphones if they’re paired, or through my phone if not) telling me to speed up or slow down. My only gripe is that it’s not possible to turn these audio alerts off, since they are super disruptive if I’m trying to pay attention to a podcast or audiobook. 

Using laps

The physical lap button is one of the best things about using a Garmin rather than a phone-centric smartwatch. I can hit the button as soon as I want the lap to start or end, rather than flicking my wrist to turn on the display, visually locating the button I want to press, and then hoping that it registers my finger on the first tap. (This may sound easy, but when I’m sweaty and shaking at the end of a fast 400, I’ve had to poke my Apple Watch far too many times before it registered, meaning my lap time would be several seconds off.) 

You can also program a workout, or use a built-in workout. For example, to test my mile time, I can give myself a warmup and then tell it to start a 1-mile lap when I press the lap button. The watch keeps track of distance, and automatically ends the lap (and announces it is doing so) when I’ve covered exactly one mile. 

After the run

Three photos of the watch
Three of the screens you might see after a run (these were from three different runs).
Credit: Beth Skwarecki

When you finish a run or workout, the watch will ask you how hard a workout it was, and how strong you felt. (You can turn this off if you don’t want it.) The watch then displays several screens of statistics: not just your pace and distance, but also a gauge of how much aerobic and anaerobic work it thinks you got from it, what type of training benefit (was it a base run or a tempo run?), and an update of your VO2max if appropriate. VO2max is measured based on your heart rate relative to how fast you were going according to GPS, so it won’t change after treadmill runs or other indoor work. You may want to turn off VO2max estimations for trail runs, so that when you slow down on hills it won’t think you suddenly got less fit. 

Treadmill runs

I loved the treadmill feature for steady runs, but found it infuriating if I had to follow any kind of interval program. At the end of a treadmill run you can “calibrate” by entering the exact distance displayed on the treadmill screen. So, for example, if the watch thinks you went 4.87 miles, but you actually ran 5.0, you can enter 5.0 and your paces and mileage will adjust. The watch also remembers this—basically, how the motion of your watch corresponded to your pace—and can use it to more accurately gauge your pace and distance next time. 

But this is just a band-aid fix for what’s really an unsolvable problem. A watch, riding on your wrist, cannot know how fast your feet are going. It can get a sense of how much wrist-bouncing correlates to an 11-minute-per-mile pace, but that doesn’t mean that it will understand what’s going on when you run an eight-minute pace or when you slow to a walk (or, worse yet, rest your hand on the handrail). I found that interval workouts were basically impossible to follow. The watch would think I was going too slow, so I’d exaggeratedly pump my arms and it would sometimes, maybe, believe me that I was actually going the programmed pace. 

I wish there were a way to turn off the “too slow”/ “too fast” alerts for the workouts the watch creates, but there isn’t. The best solution I found was to jot down the times and paces from the workout, and then create a new custom workout without any pace targets, and run that

Racing with the Forerunner 265

watch showing a 25:50 prediction, next to my medal showing a 26:04 time

Credit: Beth Skwarecki

I’m an on-and-off runner, and when I first buckled into the Forerunner 265, I was only a few months into my latest “on” phase. Since I didn’t have any serious competitive goals, I ignored some of its suggested workouts but did others, whenever the mood struck me. And over time, I noticed its prediction of my 5K time was trending further and further downward. The paces it programmed for my “base” runs were going down, as well. Was I becoming a faster runner? It sure seemed like it! And while I should probably take most of the credit myself, I can’t help but acknowledge that the watch helped me by showing how much progress I’d been making. And the watch face complication that shows my weekly mileage was a constant reminder that I had the power to stay consistent in my training.

I do think I ran more miles, more consistently, and with more challenging workouts, than I likely would have done on my own. As my fitness improved, and the weather cooled down, I started to notice my predicted 5K time was dropping fast. It used to be over 30 minutes; then it was 29, 28, 27…

I know not to read too much into any kind of prediction. From what I’ve seen on forums, most people find the predictions a bit too optimistic. But I started to wonder how fast I could really run a 5K, so I ended up signing up for one. The day before the race, my watch told me I was capable of running 25:50. Could that be true?

I created a PacePro plan for 26 minutes, with negative splits, but on race morning I decided I was too skeptical of the prediction to put that much faith in it. Instead, I just hit the “run” button and used the same data screen as for my training runs. Shockingly, I found myself holding a faster pace, for longer, than I ever had during my entire season of training thus far. I finished in 26:04, just 14 seconds off the prediction.

Ironically, I forgot to pause my watch right away, and the GPS shaved off a bit of a corner that I had not actually cut in real life. So my watch thinks I ran 3.09 miles in 26:14, and did not credit me with a 5K PR. But I got a medal for being first in my age group, so it’s hard to be too mad.

Final thoughts

I’ll say it again: this is a great watch for runners. The Forerunner 2xx line is probably the most popular line of running watches out there, with mega-popular running app Strava reporting that the top running device among its users in 2023 was the Forerunner 235 worldwide, and the 245 Music in the U.S. (Among older Forerunners, music storage used to be an extra feature; as of the 265, it’s standard on all models.) Not only does this statistic tell you it’s a popular line of watches, but the popularity of the older models is a testament to the Forerunner’s durability and continued utility over time. 

I found that the 265 did everything I needed a running watch to do, plus it provided tons of interesting data unobtrusively. If you don’t care about your HRV, you can hide that glance. If you don’t want daily workout suggestions, you can turn those off. I find the way it presents its HRV scores to be the most useful and readable of any gadget out there (and I’ve tested a few!) 

Ultimately I feel I can recommend this watch to any runner or athlete. You can save money by going with the Forerunner 55, and still get most of the key features (no HRV or training readiness). Or you can splurge on a fancier watch. But the 265 is the sweet spot of the line, this line is the sweet spot (for runners) among Garmins, and Garmin is the gold standard for athletic smartwatches. This is the watch that every other running watch has to face off against. Good luck to them; it will be a tough competition. 

My Favorite Way to Motivate Myself to Clean a Bit Every Day

I need a lot of motivation to clean; I certainly don’t finish up a day of work and think to myself, “It would be relaxing to vacuum and do laundry right now.” Sometimes, I can whip myself into the spirit by following techniques or using a reward system, like watching a favorite show while I do it. Other times, full motivation eludes me—but even then, there’s one thing I do to keep some alive.

My trick for maintaining the motivation to clean

I’m of the opinion that cleaning is something that should be done in bursts, so it doesn’t get overwhelming. However you choose to schedule that is up to you, but I’ve found that even if I don’t want to clean up a whole mess, like tackle the living room or kitchen, I still benefit from choosing just one thing to clean every night.

For me, it’s my dining room table. By cleaning it every night, it doesn’t have the chance to get cluttered—although it certainly tries, by accumulating mail, whatever I’m holding when I enter my apartment, and all manner of other items throughout an average day. But no matter what—how busy I am, how tired I am, whatever—I clean off the table during the evening so I can go to sleep feeling a little accomplished and wake up to something that looks in order, even if there are still other things to tidy up later.

Why this cleaning approach works

First of all, while I’m fixing up the table, I usually end up cleaning or organizing something else by default, whether that’s laundry or mail or something else, since it’s on the table. Sometimes, cleaning off the table puts me more into a cleaning mood, so I end up sprucing up other areas, too. It’s a motivational boost and, since it’s something I’m used to, I can do it a little on autopilot and just go from there.

Even if I don’t feel like cleaning anything else, I feel good about having tackled even one thing. Feelings of accomplishment are vital for staving off burnout and the feeling of being overwhelmed. When I wake up and see that at least something looks put together, I’m also reminded that I can make everything else look that way, too, so even if the prior day wasn’t one where I felt like doing a bigger clean-up, that day certainly can be.

If you struggle with focus and motivation when you want to clean, identify a spot in your home that is frequently cluttered and challenge yourself to take care of it every day, no matter what. It could be the desk where you work from home, a side table, the kitchen counter, or wherever you find a lot of things piling up. After a few weeks, you should notice the positive impact and overall, find yourself easing into a better cleaning schedule.

The Real(ish) History of Day of the Dead

Day of the Dead is having a cultural moment. The autumnal holiday celebrated in early November is marked by skeleton imagery, altars to dead ancestors, and great parties. But where did it come from and what does it all mean? Read on, future-calacas.

What is Day of the Dead?

Day of the Dead, or Día de Muertos, is an annual holiday celebrated Nov. 1-2 where families invite the spirits of dead friends and relatives to a party. It’s thought that the border between the World of the Living and the Land of Dead is open on these days, so your beloved Uncle Tony can hang out and enjoy the food, drink, music, and revelry he liked so much before he shuffled off his mortal coil. (But he’ll probably be invisible.)

The idea is to throw a party that the dead would want to attend, so it’s not about mourning, but telling stories and jokes, dancing, and eating great food to celebrate and remember the ones we love instead of lamenting their absence.

Day of the Dead skeletons and ghosts might look like the spooky ghosts of Halloween, but the two holidays are not related, even in spirit. Day of the Dead isn’t about creepy, haunting specters and the macabre. It’s more life-(and death-) affirming than that.

Where did Day of the Dead come from?

The ancient origins of this holiday are a bit murky. Some maintain that Day of the Dead practices are directly descended from the Aztec empire in Central Mexico. The Aztecs held at least six different celebrations throughout the year that were similar to Day of the Dead in some ways, including a celebration to honor Mixcóatl, the god of war, that was held between Oct. 20 and Nov. 8 that included placing altars with food near the graves of warriors to aid their journey to the hereafter.

When the Spanish conquered and colonized the Aztecs in the 16th century, the dates of these celebrations were moved to the Catholic holidays of All Saints and All Souls Day on Nov. 1-2, but they stayed largely the same in practice.

That’s one version. Some think that Day of the Dead, as it’s celebrated now, has more in common with Medieval European festivals and celebrations than pre-Columbian American ones. Specifically, All Souls Day, meant to remember the dead, and the danse macabre, in which dancing skeletons in paintings, woodcuts, and performances were meant to remind us that both beggars and kings will meet the same fate when death brings justice to us all.

The truth is probably somewhere in the middle, a collision of cultures where indigenous, religious, artistic, and political influences were smashed together to create a uniquely awesome new thing.

How is Day of the Dead celebrated?

While Day of the Dead activities and traditions vary from place to place—they fly giant kites in Guatemala, and some families in Bolivia decorate the actual skulls of loved ones with garlands of flowers—there are some widely practiced hallmarks of the holiday, particularly in Mexico and the United States.

Altars: Usually set up at home, these sometimes elaborate shrines can include banners, “papel picado” (tissue paper cut into decorative designs), candles, favorite foods, pan de muerto (bread of the dead), photos, and ofrendas, offerings specific to the one being celebrated, like a child’s favorite toy. They’re usually heavy on flowers, particularly orange or yellow marigolds, whose sweet scent is said to help guide souls to their homes.

Skulls and skeletons: Skulls and skeletons are all over Day of the Dead celebrations, from the small “sugar skulls” decorated with colorful icing and placed on altars, to the elaborate skulls-and-flowers some people paint on their faces. These are usually colorful skulls with wide-smiles, not creepy, Halloween-y skulls.

La Calavera Catrina

Credit: José Guadalupe Posada – Public Domain

Much of the modern “look” of Day of the Dead can be traced to the drawing above. Cartoonist and social activist José Guadalupe Posada’s “La Calavera Catrina” was published in a broadside in 1911, a year before the start of the Mexican Revolution. Catrina is a high society lady-skeleton rocking a French-style flowered hat and a wide grin. The title sentence in the La Catrina leaflet sums up the drawing’s intention: “Those garbanceras who today are coated with makeup will end up as deformed skulls.” Hear hear!

Cemetery visits: Day of the Dead celebrations for many families include visiting the graves of loved ones, cleaning them, decorating them with flowers, and leaving offerings. In some places, bands perform at cemeteries, and relatives often picnic, packing the favorite food of the deceased.

Parties: Most dead relatives would probably avoid hanging out at a dour, depressing party, so music, drinking, and eating is a big part of the day. Meals are often the favorite food of the deceased, and tequila, mezcal, and Atole—a non-boozy drink made of corn, cinnamon, and vanilla—are often drunk. But feel free to drink whatever you want; it’s what Aunt Rosy would have wanted.

Politics: Politics have been part of Day of the Dead celebration since at least the publishing of “La Catrina.” In the 1970s, the Chicano Movement used the holiday to call out discrimination and celebrate Mexican heritage, and in the 1980s, public altars were set up to commemorate AIDS victims. In 2019, a huge altar was set up in honor of victims of the El Paso shooting.

Public celebrations: While traditionally a more private holiday, in recent years, Day of the Dead parades, festivals, and street parties have become popular, particularly in Mexico and the Western US.

In a testament to the ever-evolving nature of the holiday, one of the largest festivals was inspired by a James Bond movie. In 2015’s Spectre, Bond visits an (entirely fictional) Day of the Dead festival in Mexico City. The following year, the city held an actual festival for those expecting it, and it’s been a tradition since.

Is celebrating Day of the Dead cultural appropriation if you’re not Hispanic?

It depends on who you ask. “Cultural appropriation” (of a holiday, or anything meaningful, really) is complicated, but I think most Mexican people wouldn’t object to a sincere, respectful interest in Day of the Dead, just as Irish people like me don’t object to you eating soda bread and listening to The Pogues on Saint Paddy’s day (here’s the real history of St. Patrick’s Day, if you’re interested). It’s probably a moot point, anyway: It’s clearly happening, whether people like it or not.

Why is Day of the Dead growing in popularity?

Holidays rise and fall in prominence and cultural popularity constantly, often for hard-to-define reasons, but Day of the Dead’s rise in the United States coincides with more Hispanic people immigrating to the country, just as Saint Patrick’s day became nearly-universal with the influx of Irish immigrants in the 19th century.

Pop culture influences from movies like the aforementioned Spectre and Pixar’s Coco fueled interest in the holiday, as did old-fashioned capitalism, creating a critical mass of holiday popularity that has been growing year by year.

Ultimately, though, I think Día de Muertos “catching on” is about more than marketing and demographics. I think many of us, no matter our ethnicity, need a new way to think about death. The Victorian death traditions that inform “mainstream” U.S. culture—when we acknowledge death at all, it’s through black clothes and mourning—just aren’t enough. Celebrating the dead joyfully, while also celebrating life (even while we acknowledge our our own mortality), is a much better excuse for a holiday than a groundhog coming out of his hole or something. Also: Skull and skeleton imagery is self-evidently, perpetually cool.

How to Actually Understand What You’re Buying on the Healthcare Exchange

I’m convinced that the luckiest people in America are those who have a decent health insurance plan paid for by their employer—but just one, so there’s nothing to choose. For the rest of us, each November’s open enrollment period starts anew the painful process of choosing the least worst plan offered by your employer. But the worst pain is reserved for those of us who have to navigate purchasing from the national Healthcare.gov site, or a state exchange.

I’ve been getting my health insurance that way for almost 10 years, and although I’ve gotten better at navigating the process, the process itself has not gotten any better. Since a shocking amount of each paycheck is going to go toward whatever I select, it’s important I make a smart decision that will save me the most money on healthcare over the year, while not sacrificing the coverage I need.

Here’s everything I’ve learned to help make that decision easier—and it can help you figure out how to navigate it too.

The health insurance terms you should know before shopping the exchange

To get off on the right foot, it’s helpful to know some basics about the terms you’re going to see mentioned over and over in healthcare documents:

  • Health insurance is a plan you agree to buy into yearly, in which you (and in some cases your employer and the government) will make a monthly payment, called a premium. The point of these plans is to try and keep healthcare you might need over the year from bankrupting you, and is most useful in an emergency, though it also may cover some preventative care at low or no additional cost to you (see below).

  • You can only choose these plans during open enrollment, a period of time at the end of the year with hard deadlines for when you have to make a purchase decision. Changing insurance outside of open enrollment typically requires a significant life change like a marriage, divorce, birth of a child, employment change, moving, or loss of your previous coverage.

  • Nearly all plans are required by law to pay for the basic health care you receive over the year, too, like preventative care visits (like your yearly checkup when you’re not sick, versus a visit for an illness).

  • How much the insurance company will pay the provider (a term that covers doctors, nurses, hospitals and labs, basically any place or person who provides health care) is called a benefit. Each time you get healthcare and use your insurance, your insurance will provide an explanation of benefits (EOB) that looks like but is not a bill, explaining how much they will cover and how much you may be responsible for. 

  • Insurance companies think of your care as divided into tons of different categories, starting with your primary care provider (PCP) will be primarily responsible for coordinating your health care, who you see for your yearly preventative care visit, and might be required to be seen before you can go see a specialist (this permission to see a specialist is called a referral), which is any provider who has a specialized practice, like a cardiologist, obstetrician, or rheumatologist.

  • Mental health care is considered separate from specialists or your PCP. Any test you get, like x-rays or bloodwork, are considered labs, and any medications are considered prescriptions. Every healthcare plan has a set of rules for how much they’ll cover for each of these categories that must be spelled out before you sign up, so as you’re poring over the website that offers you your various plan choices, you can see them ahead of time.

Given that, you’d think it would be easy to make apples to apples comparisons of which plan is best for you, right? Unfortunately, there are some additional factors that complicate the math. 

What’s the difference between a copay and a deductible?

Health insurance is great at throwing a lot of different terms and conditions at you for what it will pay for, and under which conditions. All plans start with a deductible, which is an amount of money the insurance company expects you to pay out of pocket before they’ll kick in anything. That said, the law requires nearly all plans to cover routine preventive care without using your deductible.

After you meet your deductible, which is usually thousands of dollars, insurance should start to help cover costs. At that point, what you contribute will be covered by the term coinsurance, which is usually expressed as a percentage. Your insurance may cover 80%, leaving you responsible for 20% of costs at that point, as determined by the terms of the coinsurance under your insurance plan.

All plans also have a number called the out-of-pocket maximum, which can sometimes be the same as your deductible, but is usually higher. This is the most that you will pay out-of-pocket in a calendar year. After you hit this number, insurance generally covers all your heath care costs, and coinsurance isn’t required anymore. Out-of-pocket maximums are routinely quite high, and are only meant to ensure you aren’t bankrupted, not to make sure health care is actually affordable. If you go to the emergency room, you need surgery, or are hospitalized or a lot of health care over a year, you’re likely to hit your out of pocket maximum.

Some insurance plans offer what’s called a copay. For specific services like gynecological care, medications, therapy visits, or doctor’s visits, your insurance may cover some costs before your deductible is met, and all you’ll pay is a small amount, the copay. Not all plans offer this, so it’s important to look at the table of benefits and see if yours does. Plans that offer copays may have higher deductibles, but if you are unlikely to meet it, a copay might make sense.  

All these costs—which are on top of your premiums—can be pretty intimidating, particularly if you don’t think you’re likely to hit your deductible in a year. And all of these aspects of how you’ll pay for your care: premiums, copays, coinsurance, deductibles and out of pocket maximums, make it difficult to determine precisely how much money you’ll pay for your healthcare under each plan, and to compare one plan to another. 

HMO vs PPO vs EPO vs HSA

As you dig through plans, you’ll see that plans often include the terms HMO, PPO, EPO, and HSA. These refer to the kind of network of providers you’ll have access to, and that can be important for a few reasons. First, you may have providers you already have relationships with and don’t want to change, like a therapist, family physician, or a gynecologist, so you’ll want to ensure your provider is part of that network. Second, your health insurance only covers providers and services covered by the plan except in cases of emergency, so if you travel a lot or have special circumstances, you want to ensure you can access the providers you need, or you’ll get stuck with a bill you may need to pay out-of-pocket. 

  • A preferred provider organization (PPO) is supposed to offer the most flexibility, meaning it should offer the most options for who you can choose to see for your health care, and allow you to make appointments with specialists without a referral from your primary care physician.

  • A health maintenance organization (HMO) is supposed to be less expensive, by managing your care more. Most HMO’s require you to see your primary care provider before going to see any specialist, and the network of providers is often smaller.

  • There’s now another variant, an exclusive provider organization (EPO), which is something between a HMO and PPO. You don’t need referrals and you get access to a larger network of providers, but you’ll have a higher deductible to offset that access. 

  • Finally, there are health savings accounts (HSA), which is a savings account where you have money put aside from your paycheck that you’ll specifically use for your health care costs. Once money is in the HSA it can’t be used for anything else, but the money is carried over year to year, you don’t lose it. The reason people use HSA’s is that the money is put aside pre-tax, and you don’t pay taxes on it, and all the while, because it is a savings account, it accrues interest. Plans that offer an HSA usually have higher deductibles, but lower premiums.

How to make sure the kind of care you need is covered by a plan

A hard lesson many people face is learning that some plans include more restrictions and exclusions than others. Health care plans offered by religious institutions may not provide for gender affirming care or some types of health care for people who can get pregnant, for example. 

There are also healthcare networks that are so restrictive you can’t walk into your grocery store and get a vaccination, but can only get them at vaccination centers offered by the network. The same goes for prescriptions, which you may only be able to obtain from a specific pharmacy or by mail. This may not seem like a big deal, but less flexibility translates to fewer options. 

While almost everyone has a complaint or two about their health insurance, one way to get some basic advice on these types of particulars is to ask your local community (health insurance is highly regional), or even ask in a reddit forum for your city or region. 

If you’re digging through the health care plans offered by your employer, you should have a benefits coordinator in human resources who can answer questions, and your coworkers might be able to give feedback on how flexible plans have been for them.  

How to choose between healthcare plans (and figure out how much you’ll actually pay)

Though most marketplaces, whether through the state, your work or national exchange, make it difficult to compare the most important metric: what you’d actually end up paying out of pocket between premiums, copays, coinsurance, and deductibles. You can do this yourself, but you’ll need to do some math to figure it out.  

Make a spreadsheet with last year’s healthcare expenses, with a row for each category: 

  • Monthly premium x 12 months

  • Your total number of primary care visits for the year 

  • Your total number of specialist visits for the year 

  • The total cost of your labs

  • The total cost of your prescriptions

  • The total number of your mental health visits for the year 

You can add rows for additional categories not covered here, such as hospital visits or procedures. Make a new column for each plan you’re considering. Now calculate what your out-of-pocket expenses would be for that plan. There’ll be a big difference, for example, if a plan doesn’t cover mental health care visits until you hit your deductible, versus a plan that offers a fixed copay. For instance, if you see a therapist twice a month, that’s 24 visits a year. That could cost you $6000 out of pocket if your plan doesn’t offer copays before your deductible has been met, or $600 if they do. The same is true for prescriptions and labs.

The totals at the bottom of the spreadsheet will show you what you’d pay out of pocket over the year for each plan and give you a realistic way to compare. Although your health care needs vary year to year, comparing to last year’s costs will give you a real way to compare plans to one another, and be, perhaps, the most accurate predictor of your real costs for next year.