Today, CISA published When to Issue Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange (VEX) Information, developed by a community of industry and government experts with the goal to offer some guidance and structure for the software security world, including the large and growing global SBOM community.

This guide explains the circumstances and events that could lead an entity to issue VEX information and describes the entities that create or consume VEX information. Whether, and when, to issue VEX information is a business decision for most suppliers and possibly a more individual decision for independent open source developers. This document identifies factors that influence the decision.

For more information, read the new reference material When to Issue Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange (VEX) Information.

Cisco released security advisories for vulnerabilities affecting multiple Cisco products. A cyber threat actor could exploit some of these vulnerabilities to take control of an affected system.

CISA encourages users and administrators to review the following advisories and apply the necessary updates:

• Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Command Injection Vulnerability
• Cisco Identity Services Engine Command Injection Vulnerabilities
• Cisco Identity Services Engine Vulnerabilities
• Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software for Cisco Firepower 2100 Series Firewalls Inspection Rules Denial of Service Vulnerability
• Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software ICMPv6 with Snort 2 Denial of Service Vulnerability
• Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software and Firepower Management Center Software Code Injection Vulnerability
• Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Log API Denial of Service Vulnerability
• Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Command Injection Vulnerabilities
• Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Remote Access VPN Denial of Service Vulnerability
• Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software ICMPv6 Message Processing Denial of Service Vulnerability

For updates addressing lower severity vulnerabilities, see the Cisco Security Advisories page.
 

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v3 9.8
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Zavio
• Equipment: IP Camera
• Vulnerability: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer, OS Command Injection

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Zavio IP Cameras are affected:

• CF7500: version M2.1.6.05
• CF7300: version M2.1.6.05
• CF7201: version M2.1.6.05
• CF7501: version M2.1.6.05
• CB3211: version M2.1.6.05
• CB3212: version M2.1.6.05
• CB5220: version M2.1.6.05
• CB6231: version M2.1.6.05
• B8520: version M2.1.6.05
• B8220: version M2.1.6.05
• CD321: version M2.1.6.05

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 Stack-based Buffer Overflow CWE-121

Zavio IP Cameras CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, CD321 with firmware version M2.1.6.05 are vulnerable to multiple instances of stack-based overflows. While processing XML elements from incoming network requests, the product does not sufficiently check or validate allocated buffer size. This may lead to remote code execution.

CVE-2023-3959 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.2 Stack-based Buffer Overflow CWE-121

Zavio IP Cameras CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, CD321 with firmware version M2.1.6.05 are vulnerable to multiple instances of stack-based overflows. While parsing certain XML elements from incoming network requests, the product does not sufficiently check or validate allocated buffer size. This may lead to remote code execution.

CVE-2023-45225 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.3 Stack-based Buffer Overflow CWE-121

Zavio IP Cameras CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, CD321 with firmware version M2.1.6.05 are vulnerable to multiple instances of stack-based overflows. During the processing and parsing of certain fields in XML elements from incoming network requests, the product does not sufficiently check or validate allocated buffer size. This may lead to remote code execution.

CVE-2023-43755 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.4 Stack-based Buffer Overflow CWE-121

Zavio IP Cameras CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, CD321 with firmware version M2.1.6.05 are vulnerable to stack-based overflows. During the process of updating certain settings sent from incoming network requests, the product does not sufficiently check or validate allocated buffer size. This may lead to remote code execution.

CVE-2023-39435 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.5 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’) CWE-78

Zavio IP Cameras CF7500, CF7300, CF7201, CF7501, CB3211, CB3212, CB5220, CB6231, B8520, B8220, CD321 with firmware version M2.1.6.05 has a command injection vulnerability in their implementation of their binaries and handling of network requests.

CVE-2023-4249 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Multiple
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan

3.4 RESEARCHER

Attila Szasz of BugProve reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. Mike Haldas of CCTV Camera Pros assisted in the coordination of these vulnerabilities with CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

The affected products are end-of-life and have been identified to contain many insecurities. The vendor, Zavio, is no longer actively in business and therefore development for firmware fixes, mitigations, and updates are not available and will not become available. CISA recommends users discontinue use of the product.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• October 31, 2023: Initial Publication

VMware released a security advisory addressing multiple vulnerabilities (CVE-2023-34057, CVE-2023-34058) in VMware Tools. A cyber actor could exploit one of these vulnerabilities to take control of an affected system.

CISA encourages users and administrators to review the VMware advisory VMSA-2023-0024 and apply the necessary updates.

Today, CISA updated its guidance addressing two vulnerabilities, CVE-2023-20198 and CVE-2023-20273, affecting Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) XE Software Web User Interface (UI).

The guidance now notes that Cisco has fixed these vulnerabilities for the 17.6 Cisco IOS XE software release train with the 17.6.6a update. According to Cisco’s Security Advisory: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Feature, fixes are still to be determined for the following Cisco IOS XE software release trains: 17.3, 16.12 (Catalyst 3650 and 3850 only). Cisco previously published the fixed release for 17.9, which is 17.9.4a, on Oct. 22. CISA urges organizations with the 17.9 and 17.6 Cisco IOS XE software release train to immediately update to the 17.9.4a and 17.6.6a releases, respectively.

CISA urges organizations to review:

• CISA’s updated guidance
• Cisco Security Advisory: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Feature
• Cisco Product Support: Software Fix Availability for Cisco IOS XE Software Web UI Privilege Escalation Vulnerability – CVE-2023-20198
• Cisco Talos Threat Advisory: Active exploitation of Cisco IOS XE Software Web Management User Interface vulnerabilities

CISA has added CVE-2023-20198 (on Oct. 16, 2023) and CVE-2023-20273 (on Oct. 23, 2023) to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, which, per Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01: Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities, requires Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies to remediate identified vulnerabilities by the specified due date to protect FCEB networks against active threats.

 

Today, CISA announces the launch of a new version of Logging Made Easy (LME), a straightforward log management solution for Windows-based devices that can be downloaded and self-installed for free. CISA’s version reimagines technology developed by the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), making it available to a wider audience.

Log management makes systems more secure. Until now, it has been a heavy lift for many targeted organizations, especially those with limited resources. CISA’s LME is a turnkey solution for public and private organizations seeking to strengthen their cybersecurity while reducing their log management burden.

As CISA’s newest shared services product offering, LME builds upon the success of the NCSC’s log management solution, which was decommissioned in March 2023. CISA urges organizations to secure their Windows-based devices today by downloading the free LME technical solution.