1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• ​CVSS v3 7.3 
• ​ATTENTION: low attack complexity 
• ​Vendor: CODESYS, GmbH 
• ​Equipment: CODESYS Development System 
• ​Vulnerability: Uncontrolled Search Path Element. 

2. RISK EVALUATION

​Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could cause users to unknowingly launch a malicious binary placed by a local attacker. 

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

​CODESYS reports this vulnerability affects the following versions of CODESYS Development System: 

• ​CODESYS Development System: versions from 3.5.17.0 and prior to 3.5.19.20 

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 ​UNCONTROLLED SEARCH PATH ELEMENT CWE-427 

​In CODESYS Development System versions from 3.5.17.0 and prior to 3.5.19.20 a vulnerability allows for execution of binaries from the current working directory in the users’ context. 

​CVE-2023-3662 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). 

3.3 BACKGROUND

• ​CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing 
• ​COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide 
• ​COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany 

3.4 RESEARCHER

​Carlo Di Dato of Deloitte Risk Advisory Italia – Vulnerability Research Team reported this vulnerability. CERT@VDE coordinated the vulnerability. 

4. MITIGATIONS

ODESYS recommends users update the CODESYS Development System to version 3.5.19.20. 

​The CODESYS Development System can be downloaded and installed directly with the CODESYS Installer or be downloaded from the CODESYS Store. 

​Alternatively, users may find further information on obtaining the software update in the CODESYS Update area. 

​For more information, please see the advisory CERT@VDE published for CODESYS at: 

​https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2023-021 

​CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should: 

• ​Exercise principles of least privilege. 

​CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. 

​CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. 

​Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. 

​Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. 

​CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: 

• ​Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. 
• ​Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. 
• ​Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. 

​No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability is not exploitable remotely. 

CISA has added two new vulnerabilities to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, based on evidence of active exploitation.

• CVE-2023-38831 RARLAB WinRAR Code Execution Vulnerability
• CVE-2023-32315 Ignite Realtime Openfire Path Traversal Vulnerability

These types of vulnerabilities are frequent attack vectors for malicious cyber actors and pose significant risks to the federal enterprise. Note: To view other newly added vulnerabilities in the catalog, click on the arrow in the “Date Added to Catalog” column—which will sort by descending dates.

Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01: Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities established the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog as a living list of known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) that carry significant risk to the federal enterprise. BOD 22-01 requires Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies to remediate identified vulnerabilities by the due date to protect FCEB networks against active threats. See the BOD 22-01 Fact Sheet for more information.

Although BOD 22-01 only applies to FCEB agencies, CISA strongly urges all organizations to reduce their exposure to cyberattacks by prioritizing timely remediation of Catalog vulnerabilities as part of their vulnerability management practice. CISA will continue to add vulnerabilities to the catalog that meet the specified criteria.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v3 9.6
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity 
• Vendor: CODESYS, GmbH 
• Equipment: CODESYS Development System 
• Vulnerability: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity. 

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute a-man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack to execute arbitrary code. 

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

CODESYS reports this vulnerability affects the following versions of CODESYS Development System: 

• CODESYS Development System: versions from 3.5.11.0 and prior to 3.5.19.20 

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 INSUFFICIENT VERIFICATION OF DATA AUTHENTICITY CWE-345 

In CODESYS Development System versions from 3.5.11.0 and before 3.5.19.20 a missing integrity check might allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the content of notifications received via HTTP by the CODESYS notification server. 

CVE-2023-3663 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H). 

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing 
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide 
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany 

3.4 RESEARCHER

Sina Kheirkhah of Summoning Team working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative reported this vulnerability. CERT@VDE coordinated the vulnerability. 

4. MITIGATIONS

CODESYS recommends users update the CODESYS Development System to version 3.5.19.20. 

The CODESYS Development System can be downloaded and installed directly with the CODESYS Installer or be downloaded from the CODESYS Store. 

Alternatively, users may find further information on obtaining the software update in the CODESYS Update area. 

For more information, please see the advisory CERT@VDE published for CODESYS at: 

https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2023-022 

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should: 

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure they are not accessible from the Internet. 
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks. 
• When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as its connected devices. 

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. 

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. 

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. 

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. 

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: 

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. 
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. 
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. 

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. 

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• ​CVSS v3 7.5 
• ​ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity 
• ​Vendor: OPTO 22 
• ​Equipment: SNAP PAC S1 
• ​Vulnerabilities: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts, Weak Password Requirements, Improper Access Control, Uncontrolled Resource Consumption 

2. RISK EVALUATION

​Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to brute force passwords, access certain device files, or cause a denial-of-service condition. 

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

​The following version of SNAP PAC S1, an industrial programmable automation controller, is affected: 

• ​SNAP PAC S1 Firmware: Version R10.3b 

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 ​IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF EXCESSIVE AUTHENTICATION ATTEMPTS CWE-307 

​There is no limit on the number of login attempts. This could allow a brute force attack on the built-in web server login. 

​CVE-2023-40706 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). 

3.2.2 ​WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521 

​There are no requirements for setting a complex password, which could allow a successful brute force attack if users don’t setup complex credentials. 

​CVE-2023-40707 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). 

3.2.3 ​IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284 

​The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) port is open by default. This could allow an adversary to access some device files. 

​CVE-2023-40708 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N). 

3.2.4 UNCONTROLLED RESOURCE CONSUMPTION CWE-400 

​An adversary could crash the entire device by sending large quantity of ICMP requests if the controller has the built-in web server enabled but not completely set-up and configured. 

​CVE-2023-40709 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). 

3.2.5 ​UNCONTROLLED RESOURCE CONSUMPTION CWE-400 

​An adversary could cause a continuous restart loop to the entire device by sending large quantity of HTTP GET requests if the controller has the built-in web server enabled but does not have the built-in web server completely set-up and configured. 

​CVE-2023-40710 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). 

3.3 BACKGROUND

• ​CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing 
• ​COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide 
• ​COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 

3.4 RESEARCHER

​Nicolas Cano of Dragos reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. 

4. MITIGATIONS

​OPTO 22 recommends users follow the direction Dragos and CISA provided for this vulnerability. 

​Dragos recommends users take the following actions: 

• ​Disable the built-in web server when not in use through the Network Security settings within the OPTO 22 Pac Manager software. 
• ​Restrict access to the built-in web server found on HTTPS (TCP/443). 
• ​Restrict access to the FTP Port (TCP/21). 
• ​Ensure user credentials are changed to something long, complex, and unique. 

​CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should: 

• ​Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure they are not accessible from the Internet. 
• ​Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks. 
• ​When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as its connected devices. 

​CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. 

​CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. 

​Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. 

​Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. 

​No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. 

Today CISA hosted the nation’s largest annual election security exercise this week in close coordination with the National Association of Secretaries of State (NASS) and the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED).

We applaud Microsoft’s announcement to make necessary logs identified by CISA and our partners as most critical to identifying cyber-attacks available to customers without additional cost.

U.S. and international cybersecurity partners published an advisory today on the common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs), to include associated common weakness enumeration (CWE), that were routinely and frequently exploited by malicious actors last year.

JCDC plan provides a roadmap to address systemic risks by advancing security and resilience of the RMM ecosystem.