CISA has received multiple reports of a large-scale spear-phishing campaign targeting organizations in several sectors, including government and information technology (IT). The foreign threat actor, often posing as a trusted entity, is sending spear-phishing emails containing malicious remote desktop protocol (RDP) files to targeted organizations to connect to and access files stored on the target’s network. Once access has been gained, the threat actor may pursue additional activity, such as deploying malicious code to achieve persistent access to the target’s network. 

CISA, government, and industry partners are coordinating, responding, and assessing the impact of this campaign. CISA urges organizations to take proactive measures:

•  Restrict Outbound RDP Connections:
  • It is strongly advised that organizations forbid or significantly restrict outbound RDP connections to external or public networks. This measure is crucial for minimizing exposure to potential cyber threats.
  • Implement a Firewall along with secure policies and access control lists.
• Block RDP Files in Communication Platforms:
  • Organizations should prohibit RDP files from being transmitted through email clients and webmail services. This step helps prevent the accidental execution of malicious RDP configurations.
• Prevent Execution of RDP Files: 
  • Implement controls to block the execution of RDP files by users. This precaution is vital in reducing the risk of exploitation.
• Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
  • Multi-factor authentication must be enabled wherever feasible to provide an essential layer of security for remote access.
  • Avoid SMS MFA whenever possible.
• Adopt Phishing-Resistant Authentication Methods:
  • Organizations are encouraged to deploy phishing-resistant authentication solutions, such as FIDO tokens. It is important to avoid SMS-based MFA, as it can be vulnerable to SIM-jacking attacks.
• Implement Conditional Access Policies:
  • Establish Conditional Access Authentication Strength to mandate the use of phishing-resistant authentication methods. This ensures that only authorized users can access sensitive systems.
• Deploy Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR):
  • Organizations should implement Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions to continuously monitor for and respond to suspicious activities within the network.
• Consider Additional Security Solutions:
  • In conjunction with EDR, organizations should evaluate the deployment of antiphishing and antivirus solutions to bolster their defenses against emerging threats.
• Conduct User Education:
  • Robust user education can help mitigate the threat of social engineering and phishing emails. Companies should have a user education program that highlights how to identify and report suspicious emails.
  • Recognize and Report Phishing: Avoid phishing with these simple tips.
• Hunt For Activity Using Referenced Indicators and TTPs:
  • Utilize all indicators that are released in relevant articles and reporting to search for possible malicious activity within your organization’s network.
  • Search for unexpected and/or unauthorized outbound RDP connections within the last year.

CISA urges users and administrators to remain vigilant against spear-phishing attempts, hunt for any malicious activity, report positive findings to CISA, and review the following articles for more information:

• Microsoft: Midnight Blizzard conducts large-scale spear-phishing campaign using RDP files
• AWS Security: Amazon identified internet domains abused by APT29
• The Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium: Warning: Government-themed Phishing with RDP Attachments
• Computer Emergency Response Team of Ukraine: RDP configuration files as a means of obtaining remote access to a computer or “Rogue RDP”

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Rockwell Automation
• Equipment: FactoryTalk ThinManager
• Vulnerabilities: Missing Authentication For Critical Function, Out-of-Bounds Read

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to send crafted messages to the device resulting in database manipulation or a denial-of-service condition.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk product versions are affected:

• ThinManager: Versions 11.2.0 to 11.2.9
• ThinManager: Versions 12.0.0 to 12.0.7
• ThinManager: Versions 12.1.0 to 12.1.8
• ThinManager: Versions 13.0.0 to 13.0.5
• ThinManager: Versions 13.1.0 to 13.1.3
• ThinManager: Versions 13.2.0 to 13.2.2
• ThinManager: Version 14.0.0

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

An authentication vulnerability exists in the affected product. The vulnerability could allow a threat actor with network access to send crafted messages to the device, potentially resulting in database manipulation.

CVE-2024-10386 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-10386. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ CWE-125

A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the affected product. The vulnerability could allow a threat actor with network access to send crafted messages to the device, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2024-10387 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-10387. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Tenable Network Security reported these vulnerabilities to Rockwell Automation.

4. MITIGATIONS

Rockwell Automation has provided a fix for the affected versions on the FactoryTalk ThinManager download site.

Rockwell Automation encourages users of the affected software to apply these risk mitigations if possible.

• Implement network hardening for ThinManager Device(s) by limiting communications to TCP 2031 to only the devices that need connection to the ThinManager.
• For information on how to mitigate security risks on industrial automation control systems, users are encouraged to implement Rockwell Automation’s suggested security best practices to minimize the risk of the vulnerability.

For more information, see Rockwell Automation’s security bulletin.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• October 31, 2024: Initial Publication

Fortinet has updated their security advisory addressing a critical FortiManager vulnerability (CVE-2024-47575) to include additional workarounds and indicators of compromise (IOCs). A remote, unauthenticated cyber threat actor could exploit this vulnerability to gain access to sensitive files or take control of an affected system. At this time, all patches have been released.

CISA previously added this vulnerability to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, based on evidence of active exploitation, as confirmed by Fortinet.

CISA strongly encourages users and administrators to apply the necessary updates, hunt for any malicious activity, assess potential risk from service providers, report positive findings to CISA, and review the following articles for additional information: 

• Fortinet Advisory FG-IR-24-423, 
• CISA alert on the Fortinet FortiManager Missing Authentication Vulnerability, 
• Google Threat Intelligence article Investigating FortiManager Zero-Day Exploitation (CVE-2024-47575).

CISA, through the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JCDC), enabled swift, coordinated response and information sharing in the wake of a significant IT outage caused by a CrowdStrike software update. This outage, which impacted government, critical infrastructure, and industry across the globe, led to disruptions in essential services, including air travel, healthcare, and financial operations.

Leveraging its unique ability to bring together public and private sector partners, JCDC facilitated virtual engagements with over 1,000 federal agency representatives. In close collaboration with CrowdStrike, a JCDC partner, CISA provided critical updates, mitigation guidance, and analysis on the potential for malicious exploitation of the outage. This rapid coordination enabled key information to be quickly disseminated across federal networks, helping to expedite mitigation and protect U.S. government systems.

This successful response underscores JCDC’s essential role in uniting industry and government partners to address cyber challenges that could impact national security and resilience. For more information about JCDC’s efforts, visit the JCDC Success Stories webpage and CISA.gov/JCDC.

As of January 10, 2023, CISA will no longer be updating ICS security advisories for Siemens product vulnerabilities beyond the initial advisory. For the most up-to-date information on vulnerabilities in this advisory, please see Siemens’ ProductCERT Security Advisories (CERT Services | Services | Siemens Global).

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 10.0
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Siemens
• Equipment: InterMesh
• Vulnerabilities: OS Command Injection, Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Execution with Unnecessary Privileges, Incorrect Privilege Assignment

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to perform remote code execution, execute commands, write arbitrary files, or execute arbitrary commands.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Siemens InterMesh Subscriber Devices, a wireless alarm reporting system, are affected:

• InterMesh 7177 Hybrid 2.0 Subscriber: All versions prior to V8.2.12
• InterMesh 7707 Fire Subscriber: All versions prior to V7.2.12

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF SPECIAL ELEMENTS USED IN AN OS COMMAND (‘OS COMMAND INJECTION’) CWE-78

The web server of affected devices does not sanitize the input parameters in specific GET requests that allow for code execution on operating system level. In combination with other vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-47902, CVE-2024-47903, CVE-2024-47904) this could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.

CVE-2024-47901 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47901. A base score of 10.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H).

3.2.2 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

The web server of affected devices does not authenticate GET requests that execute specific commands (such as ping) on operating system level.

CVE-2024-47902 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47902. A base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N).

3.2.3 EXECUTION WITH UNNECESSARY PRIVILEGES CWE-250

The web server of affected devices allows to write arbitrary files to the web server’s DocumentRoot directory.

CVE-2024-47903 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47903. A base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N).

3.2.4 INCORRECT PRIVILEGE ASSIGNMENT CWE-266

The affected devices contain a SUID binary that could allow an authenticated local attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.

CVE-2024-47904 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47904. A base score of 8.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany

3.4 RESEARCHER

AES Corporation and Jean Pereira from CYTRES reported these vulnerabilities to Siemens. Siemens reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Siemens has identified the following specific workarounds and mitigations users can apply to reduce risk:

• InterMesh 7177 Hybrid 2.0 Subscriber: Update to V8.2.12 or later version
• InterMesh 7707 Fire Subscriber: Update to V7.2.12 or later version
• Restrict access to the InterMesh network to trusted systems and persons only

As a general security measure, Siemens recommends protecting network access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. To operate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends configuring the environment according to Siemens’ operational guidelines for industrial security and following recommendations in the product manuals.

Additional information on industrial security by Siemens can be found on the Siemens industrial security webpage

For more information see the associated Siemens security advisory SSA-333468 in HTML and CSAF.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• October 29, 2024: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Delta Electronics
• Equipment: InfraSuite Device Master
• Vulnerability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of InfraSuite Device Master, a real-time device monitoring software, are affected:

• InfraSuite Device Master: Versions 1.0.12 and prior

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 DESERIALIZATION OF UNTRUSTED DATA CWE-502

Delta Electronics InfraSuite Device Master versions prior to 1.0.12 are affected by a deserialization vulnerability that targets the Device-Gateway, which could allow deserialization of arbitrary .NET objects prior to authentication, resulting in remote code execution.

CVE-2024-10456 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-10456. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan

3.4 RESEARCHER

Simon Humbert of Trend Micro reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Delta Electronics states that this issue was fixed by version 1.0.13 released in October 2024. Delta recommends updating to version 1.0.13 or later.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• October 29, 2024: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 5.1
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity/public exploits are available
• Vendor: Solar-Log
• Equipment: Base 15
• Vulnerability: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in an attacker obtaining unauthorized access.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Solar-Log Base 15 are affected:

• Base 15: Firmware 6.0.1 Build 161

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

The affected product is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting attack, which may allow an attacker to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access.

CVE-2023-46344 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46344. A base score of 5.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Multiple
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany

3.4 RESEARCHER

CISA discovered a public proof of concept (PoC) as authored by Vincent McRae and Mesut Cetin of Redteamer IT Security and reported it to Solar-Log.

4. MITIGATIONS

Solar-Log has released the following versions for users to download:

• Base 15: Firmware 6.2.0-170

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• October 29, 2024: Initial Publication