CISA published a Malware Analysis Report (MAR) with analysis and associated detection signatures on files related to Microsoft SharePoint vulnerabilities:

• CVE-2025-49704 [CWE-94: Code Injection],
• CVE-2025-49706 [CWE-287: Improper Authentication],
• CVE-2025-53770 [CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data], and
• CVE-2025-53771 [CWE-287: Improper Authentication]

Cyber threat actors have chained CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706 (in an exploit chain publicly known as “ToolShell”) to gain unauthorized access to on-premises SharePoint servers. CISA analyzed six files including two Dynamic Link-Library (.DLL), one cryptographic key stealer, and three web shells. Cyber threat actors could leverage this malware to steal cryptographic keys and execute a Base64-encoded PowerShell command to fingerprint host system and exfiltrate data.  

CISA added CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog on July 22, 2025, and CVE-2025-53770 on July 20, 2025.

CISA encourages organizations to use the indicators of compromise (IOCs) and detection signatures in this MAR to identify malware.

Downloadable copy of IOCs associated with this malware:

Downloadable copies of the SIGMA rule associated with this malware:

For more information on the malware files and YARA rules for detection, see MAR-251132.c1.v1 Exploitation of SharePoint Vulnerabilities.

Disclaimer:  

The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. CISA does not endorse any commercial entity, product, company, or service, including any entities, products, or services linked within this document. Any reference to specific commercial entities, products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by CISA. 

CISA, in partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), released a joint Cybersecurity Advisory aimed at helping critical infrastructure organizations improve their cyber hygiene. This follows a proactive threat hunt engagement conducted at a U.S. critical infrastructure facility.

During this engagement, CISA and USCG did not find evidence of malicious cyber activity or actor presence on the organization’s network but did identify several cybersecurity risks. CISA and USCG are sharing their findings and associated mitigations to assist other critical infrastructure organizations identify potential similar issues and take proactive measures to improve their cybersecurity posture. The mitigations include best practices such as not storing passwords or credentials in plaintext, avoiding sharing local administrator account credentials, and implementing comprehensive logging.

For more detailed mitigations addressing the identified cybersecurity risks, review joint Cybersecurity Advisory: CISA and USCG Identify Areas for Cyber Hygiene Improvement After Conducting Proactive Threat Hunt at US Critical Infrastructure Organization. 

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/Low attack complexity
• Vendor: Güralp Systems
• Equipment: Güralp FMUS Series Seismic Monitoring Devices
• Vulnerability: Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to modify hardware configurations, manipulate data, or factory reset the device.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Güralp FMUS series are affected:

• Güralp FMUS Series Seismic Monitoring Devices: All versions

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

The affected products expose an unauthenticated Telnet-based command line interface that could allow an attacker to modify hardware configurations, manipulate data, or factory reset the device.

CVE-2025-8286 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-8286. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United Kingdom

3.4 RESEARCHER

Souvik Kandar of MicroSec (microsec.io) reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Güralp did not respond to CISA’s attempts at coordination. Users of Güralp are encouraged to contact Güralp and keep their systems up to date.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• July 31, 2025: Initial Publication

Today, CISA released the Eviction Strategies Tool to provide cyber defenders with critical support and assistance during the containment and eviction phases of incident response. This tool includes:

• Cyber Eviction Strategies Playbook Next Generation (Playbook-NG): A web-based application for next-generation operations.
• COUN7ER: A database of atomic post-compromise countermeasures users can execute based on adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures.

Together, Playbook-NG and COUN7ER create a systematic, tailored eviction plan that leverages distinct countermeasures to effectively contain and evict adversarial intrusions.

The Eviction Strategies Tool directly addresses a critical gap: the need for a clear understanding of the necessary actions to properly contain and evict adversaries from networks and devices.

CISA encourages cyber defenders to use the Eviction Strategies Tool available on the CISA Eviction Strategies Tool webpage or download it directly from GitHub at https://github.com/cisagov/playbook-ng. Check out our fact sheet for more information: Eviction Strategies Tool | CISA.

Please share your thoughts through our anonymous survey. We appreciate your feedback.

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Network Thermostat
• Equipment: X-Series WiFi thermostats
• Vulnerability: Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain full administrative access to the device.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Network Thermostat product is affected:

• X-Series WiFi thermostats: Versions v4.5 up to but not including v4.6
• X-Series WiFi thermostats: Versions v9.6 up to but not including v9.46
• X-Series WiFi thermostats: Versions v10.1 up to but not including v10.29
• X-Series WiFi thermostats: Versions v11.1 up to but not including v11.5

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306

The embedded web server on the thermostat listed version ranges contain a vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers, either on the Local Area Network or from the Internet via a router with port forwarding set up, to gain direct access to the thermostat’s embedded web server and reset user credentials by manipulating specific elements of the embedded web interface.

CVE-2025-6260 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-6260. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Commercial Facilities
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: USA, Canada
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Souvik Kandar reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Network Thermostat recommends users to update to the following (or newer) versions:

• X-Series WiFi thermostats with v4.x to a minimum of v4.6
• X-Series WiFi thermostats with v9.x to a minimum of v9.46
• X-Series WiFi thermostats with v10.x to a minimum of v10.29
• X-Series WiFi thermostats with v11.x to a minimum of v11.5

This update was applied automatically to reachable units, requiring no action from end users.

If end users would like their units behind firewalls to be updated, contact Network Thermostat at support@networkthermostat.com to coordinate an update.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• July 24, 2025: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 8.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely
• Vendor: LG Innotek
• Equipment: Camera Model LNV5110R
• Vulnerability: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain administrative access to the device.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following model of LG Innotek CCTV Camera is affected:

• LNV5110R: All versions

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS USING AN ALTERNATE PATH OR CHANNEL CWE-288

An authentication vulnerability exists in the LG Innotek camera model LNV5110R firmware that allows a malicious actor to upload an HTTP POST request to the devices non-volatile storage. This action may result in remote code execution that allows an attacker to run arbitrary commands on the target device at the administrator privilege level.

CVE-2025-7742 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-7742. A base score of 8.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Commercial Facilities
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: South Korea

3.4 RESEARCHER

Souvik Kandar reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

LG Innotek is aware of the vulnerability but has noted this is an end-of-life product that can no longer be patched.

Please visit the LG Security Center for further guidance.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability has a high attack complexity.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• July 24, 2025: Initial Publication