Today, CISA and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a joint Secure by Design Alert, Eliminating SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Software. This Alert was crafted in response to a recent, well-publicized exploitation of SQL injection (SQLi) defects in a managed file transfer application that impacted thousands of organizations. Additionally, the Alert highlights the prevalence of this class of vulnerability.

Despite widespread knowledge and documentation of SQLi vulnerabilities over the past two decades, along with the availability of effective mitigations, software manufacturers continue to develop products with this defect, which puts many customers at risk.

CISA and the FBI urge senior executives at technology manufacturing companies to mount a formal review of their code to determine its susceptibility to SQLi compromises. If found vulnerable, senior executives should ensure their organizations’ software developers begin immediate implementation of mitigations to eliminate this entire class of defect from all current and future software products.

For more information on recommended principles and best practices to achieve this goal, visit CISA’s Secure by Design page. To catch up on the publications in this series, visit Secure by Design Alerts.

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 8.7
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Franklin Fueling System
• Equipment: EVO 550, EVO 5000
• Vulnerability: Path Traversal

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to read arbitrary files on the system.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Franklin Fueling System EVO 550 and EVO 5000, an automatic tank gauge (ATG), are affected:

• EVO 550: All versions prior to 2.26.3.8963
• EVO 5000: All versions prior to 2.26.3.8963

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 PATH TRAVERSAL: ‘/../FILEDIR’ CWE-25

Franklin Fueling System EVO 550 and EVO 5000 are vulnerable to a Path Traversal vulnerability that could allow an attacker to access sensitive files on the system.

CVE-2024-2442 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has been calculated for CVE-2024-2442. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Transportation Systems
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Momen Eldawakhly of Samurai Digital Security Ltd reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Franklin Fueling Systems released the following to fix this vulnerability:

• EVO 550: 2.26.3.8963
• EVO 5000: 2.26.3.8963

For more information, contact Franklin Fueling System.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• March 19, 2024: Initial Publication

Today, CISA, the National Security Agency (NSA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and other U.S. and international partners are issuing a joint fact sheet, People’s Republic of China State-Sponsored Cyber Activity: Actions for Critical Infrastructure Leaders. Partners of this publication include: 

• U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

• U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) 

• U.S. Department of Treasury  

• Australian Signals Directorate’s (ASD’s) Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) 

• Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS) a part of the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) 

• United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK) 

• New Zealand’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ) 

The U.S. authoring agencies assess that the PRC-sponsored advanced persistent threat group known as “Volt Typhoon” are seeking to pre-position themselves—using living off the land (LOTL) techniques—on IT networks for disruptive or destructive cyber activity against U.S. critical infrastructure in the event of a major crisis or conflict with the United States. The fact sheet warns critical infrastructure leaders of the urgent risk posed by Volt Typhoon and provides guidance on specific actions to prioritize the protection of their organization from this threat activity.  

CISA and its partners strongly urge critical infrastructure organizations leaders to read the guidance provided in the joint fact sheet to defend against this threat. For more information on Volt Typhoon related activity, see PRC State-Sponsored Actors Compromise and Maintain Persistent Access to U.S. Critical Infrastructure alongside supplemental Joint Guidance: Identifying and Mitigating Living off the Land Techniques. To learn more about secure by design principles and practices, visit Secure by Design. 

Software producers who partner with the federal government can now upload their Secure Software Development Attestation Forms to CISA’s Repository for Software Attestation and Artifacts. Software producers that provide the government software can fill out the form to attest to implementation of specific security practices.

CISA and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released the form on March 11, 2024, following extensive stakeholder and industry engagement. See the recent blog post from Federal CISO and Deputy National Cyber Director Chris DeRusha and CISA Executive Assistant Director for Cybersecurity Eric Goldstein for additional information.

 

As of January 10, 2023, CISA will no longer be updating ICS security advisories for Siemens product vulnerabilities beyond the initial advisory. For the most up-to-date information on vulnerabilities in this advisory, please see Siemens’ ProductCERT Security Advisories (CERT Services | Services | Siemens Global). 

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 8.7
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Siemens
• Equipment: RUGGEDCOM APE1808
• Vulnerabilities: Heap-based Buffer Overflow, External Control of File Name or Path, Improper Privilege Management, Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, Improper Certificate Validation, Out-of-bounds Write, Use of Externally-Controlled Format String

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to execute elevated actions, cause a denial-of-service, or execute arbitrary commands or code.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808, an application hosting platform, are affected:

• RUGGEDCOM APE1808: All versions with Fortinet NGFW

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the SOCKS5 proxy handshake in the Curl package. If Curl is unable to resolve the address itself, it passes the hostname to the SOCKS5 proxy. However, the maximum length of the hostname that can be passed is 255 bytes. If the hostname is longer, then Curl switches to the local name resolving and passes the resolved address only to the proxy. The local variable that instructs Curl to “let the host resolve the name” could obtain the wrong value during a slow SOCKS5 handshake, resulting in the too-long hostname being copied to the target buffer instead of the resolved address, which was not the intended behavior.

CVE-2023-38545 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.2 EXTERNAL CONTROL OF FILE NAME OR PATH CWE-73

This flaw allows an attacker to insert cookies at will into a running program using libcurl, if the specific series of conditions are met. libcurl performs transfers. In its API, an application creates “easy handles” that are the individual handles for single transfers. libcurl provides a function call that duplicates an easy handle called curl_easy_duphandle. If a transfer has cookies enabled when the handle is duplicated, the cookie-enable state is also cloned – but without cloning the actual cookies. If the source handle did not read any cookies from a specific file on disk, the cloned version of the handle would instead store the file name as none (using the four ASCII letters, no quotes). Subsequent use of the cloned handle that does not explicitly set a source to load cookies from would then inadvertently load cookies from a file named none – if such a file exists and is readable in the current directory of the program using libcurl, and if using the correct file format of course.

CVE-2023-38546 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

3.2.3 IMPROPER PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT CWE-269

An improper privilege management vulnerability in a Fortinet FortiOS HA cluster version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and 7.2.5 and in a FortiProxy HA cluster version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 allows an authenticated attacker to perform elevated actions via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.

CVE-2023-44250 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.4 UNCONTROLLED RESOURCE CONSUMPTION CWE-400

The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023.

CVE-2023-44487 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has been calculated for CVE-2023-44487. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.5 IMPROPER CERTIFICATE VALIDATION CWE-295

An improper certificate validation vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.0.0 – 7.0.13, 7.2.0 – 7.2.6 and 7.4.0 – 7.4.1 allows a remote and unauthenticated attacker to perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack on the FortiLink communication channel between the FortiOS device and FortiSwitch.

CVE-2023-47537 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

3.2.6 OUT-OF-BOUNDS WRITE CWE-787

A out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, 6.4.0 through 6.4.14, 6.2.0 through 6.2.15, 6.0.0 through 6.0.17, FortiProxy versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, 7.0.0 through 7.0.14, 2.0.0 through 2.0.13, 1.2.0 through 1.2.13, 1.1.0 through 1.1.6, 1.0.0 through 1.0.7 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

CVE-2024-21762 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.7 USE OF EXTERNALLY-CONTROLLED FORMAT STRING CWE-134

A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in FortiOS fgfmd daemon may allow
a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specially crafted requests.

CVE-2024-23113 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany

3.4 RESEARCHER

Siemens reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Siemens has identified the following specific workarounds and mitigations users can apply to reduce risk:

• RUGGEDCOM APE1808: Contact customer support to receive patch and update information.

• RUGGEDCOM APE1808 (CVE-2024-21762): Disable SSL VPN (disable webmode is NOT a valid workaround) (see https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-015).

• RUGGEDCOM APE1808 (CVE-2024-23113): For each interface, remove the fgfm access (see https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-029).

As a general security measure, Siemens recommends protecting network access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. To operate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends configuring the environment according to Siemens’ operational guidelines for industrial security and following recommendations in the product manuals.

Additional information on industrial security by Siemens can be found on the Siemens industrial security webpage.

For more information see the associated Siemens security advisory SSA-832273 in HTML and CSAF.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• March 14, 2024: Initial Publication

As of January 10, 2023, CISA will no longer be updating ICS security advisories for Siemens product vulnerabilities beyond the initial advisory. For the most up-to-date information on vulnerabilities in this advisory, please see Siemens’ ProductCERT Security Advisories (CERT Services | Services | Siemens Global). 

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 7.3
• ATTENTION: Low Attack Complexity
• Vendor: Siemens
• Equipment: Solid Edge
• Vulnerability: Out-of-bounds Read

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to cause an out-of-bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted files, resulting in code execution.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Siemens Solid Edge, a product development tool, are affected:

• Solid Edge: Versions prior to V223.0.11

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ CWE-125

Solid Edge is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could be triggered when the application reads files that contains XT parts. If a user is tricked to open a malicious file with the affected applications, an attacker could leverage the vulnerability to perform remote code execution in the context of the current process.

CVE-2023-49125 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-49125. A base score of 7.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N.

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Commercial Facilities, Energy, Healthcare and Public Health
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany

3.4 RESEARCHER

Siemens reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Siemens has identified the following specific workarounds and mitigations users can apply to reduce risk:

• Solid Edge: Do not open untrusted files containing XT parts in Solid Edge.
• Solid Edge: Update to V223.0.11 or later version

As a general security measure, Siemens recommends protecting network access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. To operate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends configuring the environment according to Siemens’ operational guidelines for industrial security and following recommendations in the product manuals.

Additional information on industrial security by Siemens can be found on the Siemens industrial security webpage

For more information see the associated Siemens security advisory SSA-382651 in HTML and CSAF.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Recognize VPNs may have vulnerabilities, should be updated to the most recent version available, and are only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability is not exploitable remotely.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• March 14, 2024: Initial Publication